UNGA Disarmament Index 2023: S-Z

This is an index of all references made to issues of disarmament and arms control made during the 78th General Debate of the United Nations General Assembly from 19–26 September 2023.

A-G | H-R | S-Z

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Mr. Terrance Micheal Drew, Prime Minister
23 September 2023

Small arms and light weapons, arms trafficking: “Mr. President, we aspire to create a society where our people can live in safety and security. However, we are plagued by the scourge that is the proliferation of illicit and untraceable weapons flowing into our region. States that manufacture these weapons must take greater responsibility to combat the illegal flows that pose a grave threat to our national and regional security and stability, and have devastating socio-economic consequences. We cannot win this fight against the guns on our own. International cooperation is necessary if we are to ensure the protection of our societies and our people. To this end, we thank the United States for increasing its collaboration to deal with the illicit transshipment of guns and to buttress our overall national security apparatus. We must continue to work together to ensure continued success in this regard.”

Saint Lucia
Mr. Philip Joseph Pierre, Prime Minister
22 September 2023

Military spending: “Mr. President, the immorality of the suffering, the destruction and death that these conflicts are bringing to the world are not the only reasons for our appeals to end them. That immorality is only matched by the absurdity of the expenditure on the arms that sustain these wars and inhibit peace. This should be of grave concern to all of us.”

Small arms and light weapons, arms trafficking: “What is of equal concern to States like Saint Lucia is the illicit trade in Small Arms and Light weapons which ran into billions of dollars in 2022. Not only do these arms and light weapons fuel lesser conflicts all over the world, but illegal small arms facilitate criminal activities in Saint Lucia and other CARICOM Member States. Illegal firearms were responsible for 70% of the homicides in the Caribbean Community in 2022; and in Saint Lucia, the majority of homicides are firearms related and involve young people, both as victims and perpetrators.

“Yet Mr. President, neither Saint Lucia, nor its fellow CARICOM Member States, manufacture small arms, light weapons and ammunition. Their sources are our continental neighbours to the North and South of the Caribbean. Saint Lucia therefore continues to strongly support the international instruments aimed at preventing and curbing the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons.

“Mr. President, I welcome the announcement by the United States Administration, earlier this year, to provide technical assistance and support to combat illegal weapons smuggling into the Caribbean and in solving gun-related cases. Let us be reminded that SDG 16.4 aims at ‘significantly reducing’ illicit arms flows.”

Militarism: “Is there the political will to put people first and not weapons first?”

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Mr. Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister
23 September 2023

Nuclear weapons: “At the same time, too, war and conflict rage senselessly across the globe; in at least one case, Ukraine, the principal adversaries — the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and Russia — may unwittingly open, the gates to a nuclear Armageddon.”

Small arms and light weapons, ammunition: “Indeed, the guns and bullets in the hands of the Haitian gangs are also in the bosoms of assorted criminals across the Caribbean and Latin America, and sourced mainly from the USA. The US, the Caribbean and Latin American governments must work together, more earnestly, to stop this massive flow of guns and bullets.”

Militarism: “Across the globe, resolutions to wars and perennial conflicts are urgently required. The terrible situations, for example, in Ukraine, Palestine, several countries in Africa, and elsewhere, cry out for peaceful settlements between the warring parties. It is inhumane and wrong for the Palestinian people to be enduring colonial domination and externally-induced suffering for decades.”

Militarism: “Similarly, Russia, NATO, and Ukraine should embrace peace, not war and conflict, even if peace has to rest upon a mutually agreed, settled condition of dissatisfaction. And the African Union knows that it has to redouble its leadership efforts in sorting out troubling conflicts in much of Africa.”

Samoa
Ms. Fiamē Naomi Mata'afa, Prime Minister
23 September 2023

Cyber: “We believe that there are a great many opportunities which arise from an increasingly digitized world, especially in connecting our people in remote areas. We do need to take better care of our citizens from the very real threats from cyber fraud and cyber-attacks. We need assistance in ensuring that our infrastructure and financial institutions are safeguarded against cyber threats and that we can build our capacity to address and combat these threats. In this regard we are mindful of the ongoing work of the “Open-ended Working Group on security of and in the use of information and communications technologies” (2021-2025) which will report to the Assembly in 2025.”

Militarism, cyber: “We remain concerned that the war in Ukraine is still ongoing with no resolution in sight. We hope for a future of world peace, free from conflict, high-tech cyber and electronic crimes, social media abuse and online child sexual exploitation, and threats of terrorism in any form.”

San Marino
Mr. Damiano Beleffi, Chair of the Delegation
26 September 2023

Militarism: “We are facing difficult times, with an unprecedented level of violence, mass atrocities and displacement. San Marino is deeply concern about the number and the scale of armed conflicts across the globe, which cause immense suffering to millions of civilians.”

Nuclear weapons: “The Republic of San Marino is also very concerned about the alarming increase of dangerous nuclear rhetoric and nuclear threats which reinforce the image of a dark future instead of a sustainable one. Any use or threat of use of nuclear weapons is irresponsible, and totally unacceptable. Unfortunately, today the risk of nuclear weapons use, either deliberately or by accident, is higher than at any time since the cold war. Nuclear weapons use would cause massive death and destruction and would create catastrophic and prolonged consequences on human health and wellbeing as well as on the environment. San Marino reaffirms its commitment for a world free of nuclear weapons and attaches great importance to the milestone Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, that currently has reached more than 90 States signatories.”

Militarism, protection of civilians in armed conflict: “The war of aggression against Ukraine brought dramatic consequences for the civilian population, including civilian death, the destruction of vital infrastructures, and massive displacement. San Marino condemns the Russian aggression against Ukraine and supports Ukraine’s independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognised Borders. At the same time, San Marino welcome all international efforts for a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine in line with the UN Charter, the resolutions of the General Assembly, and international law.”

Militarism, protection of civilians in armed conflict: “Armed conflicts around the globe have dramatically impacted the lives of millions of civilians and resulted into continued and massive displacement. San Marino is alarmed by the unprecedented food and nutrition crisis, affecting hundreds of millions of people around the world. The protection of civilian infrastructure is key to ensure food security in time of conflict. When infrastructures and tools essential to the survival of civilians are damaged, or destroyed, food production and distribution, water delivery, sanitation, energy provision, and health care can all be disrupted. San Marino calls on all parties to implement Security Council resolution 2417, which condemns the use of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare as well as the unlawful denial of humanitarian access. Furthermore, San Marino supports Security Council Resolution 2573, which condemns attacks against critical civilian infrastructures, indispensable for their survival.”

Militarism, protection of civilians in armed conflict, Safe Schools Declaration: “San Marino is particularly concerned about the high number of grave violations against children reported also this year in the Secretary General’s report. Armed conflicts continue to devastate children’s lives and to compromise their fundamental rights. We are witnessing an increase in attacks on schools and hospitals. This is unacceptable. San Marino firmly condemns attacks on schools and hospitals, as well as their use for military purposes. Health care and education are fundamental children’s rights that must be always preserved. We reiterate our support for the Safe Schools Declaration. Educational facilities should be a safe place for all children, students and teachers.”

Child soldiers: “San Marino is also very concerned for the substantial increase in the recruitment and use of child soldiers. We call on all member States to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict. We also encourage all parties to support other important tools, such as the Paris Principles and Commitments and the Vancouver Principles. San Marino supports the work of the Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict and of her Office and welcomes the new action plans and commitments that have been signed or that are in progress.”

São Tomé and Príncipe
Mr. Patrice Emery Trovoada, Prime Minister
20 September 2023

No relevant references.

Saudi Arabia
Mr. Faisal bin Farhan Al Furhan Al-Saud, Minister for Foreign Affairs
23 September 2023

Nuclear weapons, arms race: “Mr. President to reaffirm the importance of efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons. To this end, the international community must honour its commitments under the existing international treaties and laws in order to build a world free of nuclear weapons, especially in the Middle East. For my country, security and stability are not possible without cooperation and coordination between states to promote development and progress and to prevent an arms race to acquire these destructive weapons or threaten humanity.”

Demilitarisation: “President, we strive to preserve space peace and stability and Yemen and therefore are taking measures to stop the crisis in the country and alleviate the suffering of our brotherly people of Yemen by working unwaveringly to find a political solution to reestablish facing security in Yemen, while preventing any threat against the region.”

Demilitarisation: “Stability in Iraq is essential. For the entire region, we reaffirm our constant support for security, development and territorial integrity as well as to the Arab identity and social fabric of Iraq. As for the Sudanese issue, we are deeply concerned about the escalations and military conflicts between the Sudanese army and the rapid support forces. We call for de-escalation in Sudan.”

Militarism: “Saudi Arabia also reaffirms the importance of strengthening security and stability in Libya, guaranteeing its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. By putting an end to foreign interference and its internal affairs. My country supports the total ceasefire and the appeal by Libya. For the immediate and total withdrawal of all foreign forces combatants and mercenaries in accordance with resolution 2570 of the Security Council of 2021. We also reframe the importance of security and stability in Afghanistan, and that it should not serve as a refuge for terrorist organisations. We call for respect for the fundamental rights of the Afghan people, including the right of women to education and employment.”

Militarism: “As for the crisis between Russia and Ukraine, we once again call for an end to this crisis to reduce its negative impact on security and stability throughout the world. We should spare no effort toward this end in order to find a peaceful solution to these disagreements while respecting international law, in order to protect the interests of all.”

Senegal
Mr. Macky Sall, President
19 September 2023

Militarism: “There is no peace to keep where the aim is rather to restore it, by fighting armed groups who plunder and mourn innocent people on a daily basis, occupy entire territories and threaten the very existence of states. The tumultuous history of two peace missions in Africa is instructive in this regard. Consequently, Senegal once again calls on the Security Council to fully assume its responsibilities in the fight against terrorism in Africa, by virtue of the collective security mechanism provided for by the Charter.”

Militarism: “In the same spirit, we call for the de-escalation and peaceful settlement of the war in Ukraine.”

Seychelles
Mr. Wavel Ramkalawan, President
20 September 2023

No relevant references.

Serbia
Mr. Aleksandar Vučić, President
21 September 2023

Militarism: “New global wave of wars and violence that are impacting the foundations of the international security is a painful consequence whose cause lies in abandoning the Principles envisaged in the UN Charter…. While for three days in a row we pledge from this place to respect of principles and rules of the UN Charter, precisely violation of the respective is rooted in most of the problems in international relations, and implementation of dual standards is an open invitation for all those who strive to achieve their interests through war and violence, by violating norms of international law but also basic human moralities.”

Sierra Leone
Mr. Julius Maada Bio, President
20 September 2023

Small arms and light weapons: “Our goal remains to thwart the seeds of conflict before they sprout, to ensure sustainable resources for African Union-led peace operations, and to silence the guns decisively and forever in Africa.”

Singapore
Mr. Vivian Balakrishnan, Minister for Foreign Affairs
22 September 2023

Militarism: “Beyond the devastation caused by pandemics and natural disasters, we have created purely man-made tragedies as well. The Russia- Ukraine conflict continues to rage on. It is a full-frontal assault on the UN Charter and a flagrant violation of international law. Global food security has been aggravated by the war in Ukraine as well as by climate change,which will add to inflationary pressures everywhere. In ASEAN, in my part of the world, the violent coup in Myanmar has deprived the people of Myanmar of the peace and development that they so richly need and deserve. Our hearts go out to our brothers and sisters in Myanmar.”

Autonomous weapons, AI weapons: The third point I want to make is that in the midst of the digital revolution and especially the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), we must prepare for both the risks, and also distribute the benefits of these technologies more fairly. In the past year, generative AI – ChatGPT – has captured popular imagination. Actually, we are already on the verge of the next stage - AI agents with the ability to negotiate and interact with each other and with humans. Often, you would not be able to tell the difference. This has profound implications on all our societies, on our politics, and our economies everywhere. Autonomous weapon systems without human fingers on the trigger are already with us – witness the wars around us.

“As Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said at the opening of the General Assembly this week, ‘generative AI holds much promise, but it may also lead us across a Rubicon and into more danger than we can control’. This is especially so in the theatre of war and peace.

“AI will fundamentally disrupt our assumptions on military doctrines and strategic deterrence. For example, the speed at which AI-enabled weapons systems can be almost instantaneously deployed and triggered will dramatically reduce decision times for our leaders. There will be many occasions when humans may not even be in the firing loop, but we will be on the firing line. This would inevitably heighten the risk of unintended conflicts,or the escalation of conflicts.”

Nuclear weapons, AI weapons: “During the Cold War,the sense of ‘mutually assured destruction’ imposed mutual restraint –although we now know, in fact, there were several close shaves. This spectre of nuclear escalation has not disappeared. Yet, the advent of Artificial Intelligence in conflict situations has actually increased the risks exponentially. So, we must start an inclusive global dialogue and we must start it at the United Nations. We need to urgently consider oversight of such systems and the necessary precautions to avoid miscalculations.”

Cyber: “Singapore is optimistic that the UN and the multilateral system will be up to the task of establishing norms on these fast-emerging critical technologies. The UN Open-Ended Working Group on ICT Security, which happens to be chaired by Singapore, has made steady progress and this offers some useful lessons for other areas, including AI. Singapore commits to continue to support all efforts to promote international cooperation and to strengthen global rules, norm s and principles in the digital dom ain.We also look forward to the adoption of the Global Digital Compact at the Summit of the Future in 2024.”

AI, cyber, outer space: “24 We need to bring this same constructive spirit to the other areas of the global commons, AI, cybersecurity, digital technology, even outer space. We do not lack policy ideas on strengthening multilateralism, but we need commitment and action. The High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism has put forward six ‘transformational shifts’ which will make the UN and the multilateral system future-ready. For many small states, our survival, our very success requires a strong United Nations and an effective multilateral system founded on the UN Charter and international law, and complied with by all states in the world.The Forum ofSmallStates,chaired by Singapore, will continue to work with all states, large and small, to make the UN stronger and ready for the future.”

Slovakia
Ms. Zuzana Čaputová, President
20 September 2023

Militarism: “Last year, we recorded more conflict-related deaths in the world than in any year since 1994. Russia’s illegal and brutal full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Slovakia’s direct neighbour, has greatly contributed to this rise.”

Explosive weapons, protection of civilians in armed conflict: “One man can end this senseless war almost instantly: the Russian president. Instead, for more than 570 days, his forces have been killing innocent Ukrainian civilians, kidnapping children and destroying towns and cities. They bomb infrastructure and ports that export Ukraine’s grain to those who need it in Bangladesh or Egypt.”

Slovenia
Ms. Nataša Pirc Musar, President
19 September 2023

Militarism: “It is a world where there are many wars, deadly conflicts, aggressions against states, and the suffering of many civilians who fear for their lives or are affected by the socioeconomic destruction caused by conflicts.”

Solomon Islands
Mr. Manasseh Damukana Sogavare, Prime Minister
22 September 2023

Disarmament and development: “There can be no sustainable development without peace, and no peace without sustainable development. The world cannot achieve the SDGs with all the conflict and wars that is going on. The past seven years has shown us that.”

Demilitarisation: “Solomon Islands reiterate its call for the cessation of all conflict including the Ukraine war. We must restore faith in our Charter and give peace a chance. We must better understand and listen to each other more and seek a diplomatic solution to all conflict.”

Unexploded ordnance: “The Pacific has been a victim of power politics long before we became a member of this organization. The Battle of Guadalcanal is recorded in history as one of the fiercest battle of World War 2, a war that was not of our making. The lack of urgency eight decades ago to remove these UXOs comes at a great cost to Solomon Islands in finance and lives. On this juncture I would like to thank the Government of the United States of America for their continued assistance to the efforts to date. However, more needs to be done to address this threat. I call on responsible countries to remove the UXOs and compensate lives affected and lost.”

Nuclear weapons: “Since the inception of the United Nations in 1945, the Pacific Islands remained a stage for power projection by developed nations. As a consequence, from 1946 to 1996, approximately 300 nuclear devices were tested in the Pacific, including in the Marshall Islands, French Polynesia and Kiribati. Did we have a say in this? WE NEVER DID!! Mr President, these countries and their people must be compensated commensurably.

“The nuclear footprint of big powers in the Pacific is intrinsically carved into our history and genes. Certain populations to this day continue to suffer from health issues because of nuclear testing and dumping in the Pacific.

“As a signatory to the 1985 Treaty of Raratonga, Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, our commitment to keep our Blue Pacific Continent nuclear free is non-negotiable. We ratified the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty earlier this year which is a testament to our conviction and principle for a nuclear free Pacific. We remain concerned on the development of military nuclear investment within Pacific region and its potential to trigger nuclear arms race and its implication for our nuclear free status.”

Nuclear waste, nuclear energy: “Solomon Islands stands with like-minded Pacific islanders and is appalled by Japan’s decision to discharge over a million tonnes of treated nuclear wastewater into the ocean. We note IAEAs assessment report is inconclusive and that the scientific data shared remains inadequate, incomplete and biased. These concerns were ignored. If this nuclear waste water is safe it should be stored in Japan. The fact that [it] is dumped into the ocean shows that it is not safe.

“The effect of this act is transboundary and intergenerational and is an attack on global trust and solidarity. So the message is clear OUR LIVES, OUR PEOPLE DO NOT MATTER!! The increased warming and acidification of the ocean against the discharge of treated nuclear water over a period of 30 plus years poses worrying risks for our people’s well-being and future. We call on Japan to explore other options in addressing the treated nuclear wastewater and to immediately stop discharging it into the Pacific Ocean. If we are to rebuild trust and reignite global solidarity, we must be honest and frank in protecting our oceans which is the lifeblood of our people.

“Mr. President, I am morally and ethically obliged to speak for humanity, the voiceless, and our children’s children. We are the ocean, it is our past, our present, our future. It is the foundation of our very existence, it is our identity. Please stop the discharge of nuclear treated water or history will judge us.”

Demilitarisation: “We must restore our faith in the UN Charter and end all wars.”

Somalia
Mr. Hamza Abdi Barre, Prime Minister
23 September 2023

Arms embargo, small arms and light weapons: “Here I would like to reiterate someone who has called for the complete and unconditional removal of the arms and broker embargo that has been imposed by the Security Council since 1992. It is the longest lasting and the widest and most comprehensive arms embargo in the world, keeping in mind that Somalia today has unnecessary administrative systems that are strict in controlling the possession, use and storage of firearms. Lifting this embargo would allow us to combat terrorism more effectively and build a peaceful and prosperous future for our people.”

AI weapons, militarism: “As we witnessed the unprecedented increase in violence, we see that new technologies such as artificial intelligence pose new and terrifying threats, the noticeable increase in armed conflicts and military coups, especially in the African continent, is a source of deep concern. Because these conflicts have a destructive impact on the lives of civilians, and lead to displacement and poverty at an expanded level, all of these issues or issues that Somalia is still struggling to recover from, and a lot of the most recent international incidents which bring back to mind our painful past. We call for an immediate and comprehensive cessation of violence and destruction, recalled for abiding by democratic principles and protecting constitutional systems that guarantee civil liberties.”

Militarism: “Locally, we have adopted a conciliatory approach to arrive at political settlements and to enhance the internal and permanent cohesion in our society. And we have dealt with an iron fist with extremism so that it will be stamped out. We have also launched a successful campaign against terrorists. And this campaign was military financial and ideological and we managed to clear more than 45% of the areas that were previously occupied by the terrorist al Shabaab grouping in less than a year.”

South Africa
Mr. Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa, President
19 September 2023

Small arms and light weapons: “The African Union Peace and Security Council has declared that it stands ready to deepen its cooperation with the UN Security Council to silence the guns on the African continent and to achieve peace, stability and development.”

Military spending: “It is a grave indictment of this international community that we can spend so much on war, but we cannot support action that needs to be taken to meet the most basic needs of billions of people.”

South Sudan
Mr. Salva Kiir Mayardit, President
21 September 2023

Arms embargo: “As we move in this direction, we call upon the United Nations to lift the arm embargo imposed on us to aid peace implementation and to secure the elections. The arms embargo has impeded the implementation of security arrangements because effective deployment of the Unified Forces we graduated cannot happen without arms.”

Spain
Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón, President
20 September 2023

Explosive weapons: “On 10 September, a young Spanish aid worker lost her life in the Bajmut region of Ukraine. The vehicle in which she was travelling was hit by artillery fire, killing another aid worker and seriously wounding two others.”

Militarism: "The coup d'état of 26 July in Niger has serious implications... It is essential to find a peaceful solution that avoids recourse to military force."

Sri Lanka
Mr. Ranil Wickremesinghe, President
21 September 2023

Militarism, military alliances: “On the other hand, we see a world where former big power rivalries and geopolitical tensions have reignited in open war, overlapping with new theatres of conflict and tension on land and in the oceans. Security Alliances have expanded and recent arrangements have been formed to deal with strategic threat perceptions in old and new theatres of conflict.”

Military spending: “While we seek solidarity and financing to alleviate poverty and climate challenges, global military expenditures have risen today to record levels reaching $2.24 trillion. Reflecting strategic trust deficit among the powerful, key arms control frameworks which were instrumental in maintaining system stability in the past have collapsed and nuclear conflict is once again under open discussion, potentially and apocalyptically triggered by autonomous control. We urge restraint in the increase of military expenditure which leads to escalation of conflict.”

Nuclear weapons, weapons of mass destruction: “In keeping with Sri Lanka’s longstanding position supportive of disarmament of WMD and nuclear weapons, this year Sri Lanka ratified the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Yesterday, we acceded to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.”

Sudan
Mr. Abdel-Fattah Al-Burhan Abdelrahman Al-Burhan, President of the Transitional Sovereign Council
21 September 2023

Militarism, mercenaries: “Mr. President, since the 15th of April, the Sudanese people have been facing a destructive war launched by the rebel rapid support forces. They established alliances with tribal militias and other regional and international ones, they brought mercenaries from different corners of the globe, committing some of the most horrendous crimes against the Sudanese people.”

Militarism: “Mr. President, some characterised this war as an internal feud between two armed parties. However, the aggression was not only against the armed forces. Instead, it extended to all state components. The innocent citizens are not part of the armed forces. The people in West Darfur are not part of the armed forces. The homes of our citizens are not part of the armed forces. Therefore, this war cannot be characterised as a war between the armed forces and the rapid support forces. It actually extends to all state components. However, I would like to assure you that the danger of this war is now a threat to regional and international peace and security for those rebels have sought the support of outlaws and terrorist groups from different countries in the region and the world. This is like the spark of war, a war that will spill over to other countries in the region.”

Suriname
Mr. Chandrikapersad Santokhi, President
20 September 2023

No relevant references.

Sweden
Mr. Tobias Billström, Minister for Foreign Affairs
22 September 2023

Militarism: “The war in Georgia in 2008, and the aggression in Ukraine since 2014 and in Syria since 2015, clearly show that Russia has no scruples about using military force to reach its political ambitions; recreate its former colonial empire and undermine the European security order as well as the UN Charter.”

Militarism: “In blatant violation of international law, Russia is attempting to deny Ukraine its right to exist as a sovereign nation. If we allow this to happen, Russia will only continue its imperial ambitions. This will not stop with Ukraine. Ukraine’s soldiers are fighting not only for Ukraine’s survival, but also for our security and for the respect for territorial integrity.”

Military alliances: “It is the sovereign right of every state to make its own security policy choices. Exercising this right, Sweden has applied for NATO membership – a historic decision that ends Sweden’s military non- alignment, which dates back to 1812. Our NATO membership will increase the security of our country and – together with Finland’s membership – improve the stability in the entire Euro-Atlantic area. Sweden will fulfil its commitments under the North Atlantic Treaty and to all other Allies.”

Nuclear weapons, nuclear energy: “Russia’s illegal war of aggression against Ukraine jeopardises nuclear safety and security in Ukraine and beyond. Russia’s threats to use nuclear weapons, its declared readiness to conduct a nuclear test and its announcement about deploying nuclear weapons in Belarus are all deeply irresponsible. The expansion of nuclear arsenals without transparency, the abandonment of arms control agreements and regional proliferation threats give cause for serious concern. Multilateralism is our best chance to address these challenges and realise the objectives enshrined in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. All states must help drive progress.”

Switzerland
Mr. Alain Berset, President
19 September 2023

Militarism: “Protectionism and selfishness are on the rise everywhere. However, withdrawal, threats and violence have never provided the slightest solution to the problems and inequalities in the world. The post-war order is currently experiencing its greatest crisis since the end of World War II. The Russian Federation, by launching an aggressive war against Ukraine, attacked not only a peaceful country, but also international law and multilateralism. This aggression is the work of a permanent member of the UN Security Council which, according to the Charter of the United Nations, nevertheless assumes ‘primary responsibility for the maintenance of peace and international security’.”

Militarism: “Strong multilateral institutions are also essential to promoting peace. How to break the cycle of violence? The Secretary-General's new Agenda for Peace responds: prevention is the starting point of any peace effort.”

Protection of civilians in armed conflict: “All armed conflicts are different. But all have the common denominator of worsening inequalities and the suffering of civilians. And here too, strong multilateral institutions are essential to guarantee the protection of civilians in conflict zones. Respect for international humanitarian law is an absolute priority for Switzerland. It is at the heart of our commitment to the Security Council. The protection of civilians in armed conflict is not an option: it is an obligation for all parties to the conflict.”

Women, Peace, and Security in armed conflict: “I was also able to observe on the ground how the full participation of women is essential to any return to peace. This is why Switzerland continues its commitment to the implementation of the United Nations Women, Peace and Security Agenda, and calls on States to continue to mobilize for the full implementation of Resolution 1325. During armed conflicts, the lack of essential goods and services for the civilian population costs more lives than the direct impact of hostilities. It aggravates inequalities and weakens the return to peace.”

Syrian Arab Republic
Mr. Bassam Sabbah, Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs
26 September 2023

Militarism, missiles, explosive weapons: “We have witnessed this year of dangerous escalation of Israeli criminal practices in which the number of victims has reached its highest level, is pushing the region to unprecedented levels of tension and instability. This is exemplified in the in committing more massacres, the escalation of its military aggression and its repeated missile bombing of Syrian cities, ports and civil airports. This has endangered civilian lives and the safety of civil aviation. It has also hampered UN humanitarian operations.”

Militarism: “The United States and Turkey continue to violate Syria's sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity by insisting on their continued presence, illegal military presence on Syrian lands and supporting separatist militias and terrorist organisations.”

Militarism: “Syria reaffirms its support for the right of the Russian Federation to defend itself and protect its national security. In response to aggressive Western policies. In doing so, they are not only defending themselves, but also the rights of all of us to reject the logic of Western and unipolar hegemony.”

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action: “Syria commends the constructive and responsible approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, from which the USA has united unilaterally and illegally withdrew. It calls upon the United States and its Western allies to meet Iran's legitimate demands.”

Tajikistan
Mr. Emomali Rahmon, President
20 September 2023

Arms race, militarism: “Terrorism, extremism and transnational organized crime, rapid armament, as well as the escalation of the Cold War threaten international peace, security and development.”

Tanzania
Mr. Philip Isdor Mpango, Vice-President
21 September 2023

Guns, missiles: “We call upon warring parties around the world to silence their guns and missiles and give prominence to peace. Let us act towards each other with humility, not arrogance. Let’s heed the old wisdom that says ‘an eye for an eye, leaves everybody blind’.”

Militarism: “Wars and confrontations must be avoided at all cost because in war everyone loses, including the non-warring parties.”

Guns, missiles, weapon production, military spending: “Peace is undeniably a prerequisite for achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Ironically, even in this 21st century, some nations are still firing guns and missiles at each other! However, the fact is that massive production of weapons and skyrocketing military spending on armed conflicts is compromising the promises we all made to the most vulnerable among us (children, youth, women and the poor) to build a better/prosperous world and create opportunities for all, leaving no one behind.”

Thailand
Mr. Srettha Thavisin, Prime Minister
22 September 2023

No relevant references.

Timor-Leste
Mr. José Ramos-Horta, President
21 September 2023

Militarism: “Wars, of which some were started and perpetuated by outside interests using these nations as proxy battlegrounds for their own interests, have increased the burdens of hunger, poverty and humanitarian crises, which in turn will exacerbate further conflict.”

Nuclear weapons, arms race: “Leaders of global powers have not ended the nuclear arms race, have profited from weapons exports, have led in the desecration of Mother Nature, have failed to rescue the poorest out of poverty, have not shown wisdom in writing off the debt burdens caused by loan sharks from Western commercial banks.”

Explosive weapons, arms trade: “In Myanmar, the military pursue a scorched earth strategy with widespread use of aircraft and helicopters targeting civilians across the country. Since the violent 2021 assault on Myanmar democracy Spring, at least 3,000 civilians have been killed and 17,000 people arbitrarily imprisoned, including legitimately elected leaders such as Nobel Peace Laureate Daw Aung Suu Kyi. The people of Myanmar feel betrayed by the international community, some of whom quite conveniently pay lip service to the principle of ASEAN centrality while aiding and abetting the rogue military regime with weapons and commercial ventures that directly fund the junta.”

Nuclear weapons: “Talks of denuclearization of North Korea are fanciful illusions and rising tensions between the US and China are detrimental to efforts to mitigate threats to peace and stability in the Korean Peninsula.”

Militarism: “Timor-Leste condemns the invasion, violation of sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and the ongoing war with its catastrophic consequences for Ukrainian people, for Russians and for the rest of the world with the disruption of global trade in essential commodities. Very seldom wars are resolved in the battlefield… So the war may continue for years, random killings and destruction continue until all sides are exhausted, and only then, the warring parties may begin to explore ideas for ending the war, reach a peace settlement, one that may be secured only if all the sides involved summon courage to compromise.”

Togo
Mr. Robert Dussey, Minister for Foreign Affairs
21 September 2023

Cyber, militarism: “Our continent, Africa, faces multi-sector vulnerability: vulnerability due to the low level of development, vulnerability due to large-scale health crises, vulnerability due to the effects of climate change, vulnerability due to the disruption of global food supply chains, vulnerability due to the invasion of African cyberspace by cybercriminals and disinformation, vulnerability due to the recurrence of armed conflicts and the topicality of war, vulnerability due to the spread of international terrorism on the continent which threatens international peace and stability.”

Militarism: “Since our independence on 27/04/1960 :Togo has never waged war on its neighbours, Togo has never attacked its neighbours or any other country, Togo has never served as a base for any aggression against a sister country. Togo is a country of peace.”

Militarism: “Africa has suffered too much from war, and a minimum sense of responsibility should convince us to invest in the prevention and peaceful resolution of conflicts. ‘The bad thing about war,’ said Immanuel Kant, ‘is that it makes more villains than it can take away’.”

Tonga
Mr. Siaosi 'Ofakivahafolau Sovaleni, Prime Minister
22 September 2023

No relevant references.

Trinidad and Tobago
Mr. Keith Rowley, Prime Minister
21 September 2023

Military spending: “Investments in instruments of war have far surpassed investments in instruments of peace and peacebuilding.”

Small arms and light weapons: “However, our ability to safely navigate our destiny to the harbour of sustainable development by 2030 is stymied by challenges and threats, some of which are existential. One such threat is the proliferation and use of illegal firearms in our society, which, just like in other jurisdictions, bring untold suffering to many families and communities and the nation as a whole. Mr President, this situation has worsened largely because of the accelerated commercial availability coupled with illegal trafficking from countries of manufacture into the almost defenceless territories of the Caribbean. In a population of 1.4 million people Trinidad and Tobago experienced over 600 murders last year, 90% of which involved handguns and increasingly, assault weapons. Within our best efforts and a huge consumption of our already scarce resources, we have seen over 400 violent firearms-driven killings already this year. This is a crisis shared by almost all the Caribbean territories and is to be added to the challenges that stand in the way of any successful tackling of the Development Goals already identified.”

Arms trade, small arms and light weapons, guns: “Accordingly, Trinidad and Tobago remains fully committed to the Arms Trade Treaty and its stated objectives. We also look forward to continue to work collaboratively with our regional and international partners, especially the United States, to urgently stem the illicit trade of illegal firearms, most of which are produced by gun manufacturers and promoters based in this country. We acknowledge and appreciate the recent and ongoing support of the United States in linking arms with Trinidad and Tobago and the wider CARICOM in confronting this metastasizing scourge which not only disturbs our safety but threatens our sense of security and even the very democratic states themselves.”

Tunisia
Mr. Nabil Ammar, Minister for Foreign Affairs
23 September 2023

Demilitarisation: “Now as far as our immediate neighborhood, Tunisia, reiterates its commitment to provide all possible assistance to our Libyan neighbors to help them overcome its differences and achieve a political agreement based on inter Libyan dialogue with the help of the United Nations to preserve the unity and sovereignty of Libya. We reiterate our rejection of any military solutions, and any form of interference into the internal affairs of Libya, whether this interference is direct or indirect. Now, along the same lines, we are in favor of seeing a convergence of UN and international efforts to achieve a political solutions both in Syria and Yemen to put an end to the sufferings of these two brethren nations and to bring peace and security to them to preserve their their sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. Tunisia also calls on the cessation and end of the escalation in Sudan and to focus on dialogue to try to overcome this crisis.”

Türkiye
Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President
19 September 2023

Militarism: “The world is bigger than five. The Security Council has ceased to be the guarantor of world security and has become a battleground for the political strategies of only five countries.”

Militarism: “As a country that has pioneered numerous initiatives to strengthen peace and stability, we attach great importance to Mr. Secretary General’s Call for a New Agenda for Peace. With this new standard, since the beginning of the Russian Ukrainian war, we have been endeavouring to keep both our Russian and Ukrainian friends around the table with the pieces that war will have no winners and peace will have no losers. We will step up our efforts to end the war through diplomacy and dialogue on the basis of Ukraine's independence and territorial integrity.”

Militarism: “We are sick and tired of the hypocrisy of those who use Daesh and similar organisations as affront to their own political and economic interests in the Middle East and North Africa… The threat in these regions is not only confined to Daesh. The real threat is the terrorist organisations part of military groups. Mercenaries and local elements that are used and that are being nurtured as tools of proxy wars. … Despite this reality, countries that continue to work with terrorist organisations for their own political and economic interests have no right to complain about terrorism and its problems as an extension. In such a world, no one is safe. Whether they live right next to a conflict zone or far away on the land surrounded by oceans, nobody, nobody can be safe. That's why we say that under the auspices of the United Nations, we must rapidly restructure the institutions charged with ensuring the security, peace and prosperity of the world. We must build a global governance architecture that is capable of representing all origins, beliefs and cultures in the world with its geography and demographics. In conclusion, we say once again with all of our hearts, the world is bigger than five and a fairer world is possible.”

Turkmenistan
Mr. Serdar Berdimuhamedov, President
19 September 2023

Militarism: “We are convinced that military and political security cannot be considered in isolation from economic, ecological, technological, energy, transport, food, biological, and information security. None of these issues can be considered minor or irrelevant, and their solutions cannot be postponed to a later date.”

Tuvalu
Mr. Kausea Natano, Prime Minister
22 September 2023

No relevant references.

Uganda
Ms. Jessica Alupo, Vice-President
21 September 2023

No relevant references.

Ukraine
Mr. Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President
19 September 2023

Nuclear weapons: “The Third World War was seen as a nuclear war. A conflict between states on the highway to nukes. Other wars seemed less scary compared to a threat of the so-called “great powers” firing their nuclear stockpiles. So, the 20th century taught the world to restrain from the use of the weapons of mass destruction – NOT to deploy, NOT to proliferate, NOT to threaten with, and NOT to test, but to promote a complete nuclear disarmament.”

Nuclear weapons: “Ukraine gave up its third largest nuclear Arsenal. The world then decided Russia should become a keeper of such power. Yet, history shows it was Russia who deserved nuclear disarmament the most, back in the 1990s. And Russia deserves it now – terrorists have no right to hold nuclear weapons.”

Nuclear energy: “Russia is weaponizing nuclear energy. Not only is it spreading its unreliable nuclear-power-plant construction-technologies, but it is also turning other countries’ power plants into real dirty bombs. Look what Russia did to our Zaporizhzhia power plant – shelled it, occupied it and now blackmails others with radiation leaks.”

Militarism, chemical weapons: “Each decade Russia starts a new war. Parts of Moldova and Georgia remain occupied. Russia turned Syria into ruins. And if not for Russia, the chemical weapons would have never been used there in Syria. Russia has almost swallowed Belarus. It is obviously threatening Kazakhstan and the Baltic states… And the goal of the present war against Ukraine is to turn our land, our people, our resources into a weapon against you – against the international rules-based order. Many seats in the General Assembly Hall may become empty if Russia succeeds with its treachery and aggression.”

Cyber, drones, AI weapons: “We see the war of drones. We know the possible effects of spreading the war into the cyberspace. The artificial intelligence could be trained to combat well before it would learn to help the humanity.”

Nuclear weapons, demilitarisation: “As nukes are restrained, likewise the aggressor must be restrained and all its tools and methods of war. Each war now can become final, but it takes our unity to make sure that aggression will NOT break in again.”

United Arab Emirates
Ms. Reem Ebrahim Al Hashimy, Minister for International Cooperation
23 September 2023

Militarism: “Resorting to the use of force instead of relying on political solutions and dividing the world into an ‘us against them’ mentality is a zero-sum game. This will only lead to more chaos and blunt our diplomatic tools.”

Weapons: “The UAE believes that the best way to resolve crises is through peaceful means. This is particularly important for our region, which is ravaged by weapons and extremist ideologies.”

Nuclear weapons: “The international community should be determined in its efforts to address the greatest threats to global stability, namely the development of nuclear weapons and the undermining of the global non-proliferation regime. We must never tolerate this type of threat, nor accept the risk of a nuclear conflict, one that would result in devastating consequences for all.”

Protection of civilians in armed conflict: “We also stress the importance of alleviating the suffering of people affected by conflict situations, particularly through humanitarian exceptions when sanctions measures are imposed. We should be mindful that civilians, and especially children, are not responsible for these conflicts.”

United Kingdom
Mr. Oliver Dowden, Deputy Prime Minister
22 September 2023

Militarism: “And Russia’s brutal invasion of Ukraine... an attack on a sovereign member of the United Nations by a Permanent Member of its Security Council. – the most heinous assault imaginable on everything this organisation stands for, and was founded to prevent......with consequences felt - not just by the brave people of Ukraine - but by millions more across the globe. Those hit by food shortages – particularly in developing countries - are Putin’s victims too. Russia could end this war tomorrow… Putin could end this war tomorrow. That is what the world demands. But until that happens, the United Kingdom will stand alongside Ukraine. Whatever it takes. For weeks... for months... if necessary... for years. Because if these United Nations - in which the United Kingdom believes, and helped to found - are to count for anything...it is surely for the cardinal principle that aggression cannot, and must not pay.”

AI, cyber: “We have already seen the dangers AI can pose: Teens hacking individuals’ bank details… ...terrorists targeting government systems...cyber criminals duping voters with deep-fakes and bots...even states suppressing their peoples. But our focus on the risks has to include the potential of agentic frontier AI... which at once surpasses our collective intelligence, and defies our understanding.”

AI, cyber, nuclear weapons: “Our first ever AI Safety Summit in November will kick-start this process... with a focus on frontier technology. In particular we want to look at the most serious possible risks...such as the potential to undermine our biosecurity… or increase the ability of people to carry out cyber attacks...as well as the danger of losing control of the machines themselves. For those that would say that these warnings are sensationalist, or belong in the realm of science-fiction... I simply point to the words of hundreds of AI developers, experts and academics, who have said - and I quote: ‘Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war.’”

United States of America
Mr. Joseph R. Biden, President
19 September 2023

AI weapons: “Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, hold both enormous potential and enormous peril. We need to be sure they are used as tools of opportunity, not as weapons of oppression. Together with leaders around the world, the United States is working to strengthen rules and policies so AI technologies are safe before they are released to the public; to make sure we govern this technology — not the other way around, having it govern us. And I’m committed to working through this institution and other international bodies and directly with leaders around the world, including our competitors, to ensure we harness the power of AI — artificial intelligence for good, while protecting our citizens from its most profound risk.”

Arms control, nuclear weapons: “We don’t — we don’t need to agree on everything to keep moving forward on issues like arms control — a cornerstone of international security. After more than 50 years of progress under the Non-Proliferation Treaty, Russia is shredding longstanding arms control agreements, including announcing the suspension of New START and withdrawing from the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty.I view it as irresponsible, and it makes the entire world less safe.”

Weapons of mass destruction, chemical weapons: “The United States is going to continue to pursue good-faith efforts to reduce the threat of weapons of mass destruction and lead by example, no matter what else is happening in the world. This year, we’ve safely destroyed at least — the last chemical munitions in the U.S. stockpile, fulfilling our commitment toward a world free of chemical weapons.”

Nuclear weapons: “And we condemn the DPRK’s continued violations of U.N. Security Council Resolutions, but we are committed to diplomacy that would bring about the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.”

Nuclear weapons: “And we’re working with our partners to address Iran’s destabilizing activities that threaten regional and global security and remain steadfast in our commitment that Iran must never acquire a nuclear weapon.”

Militarism: “Yet, for the second year in a row, this gathering dedicated to peaceful resolution of conflicts is darkened by the shadow of war — an illegal war of conquest, brought without provocation by Russia against its neighbor, Ukraine. Like every nation in the world, the United States wants this war to end. No nation wants this war to end more than Ukraine. And we strongly support Ukraine in its efforts to bring about a diplomatic resolution that delivers just and lasting peace. But Russia alone — Russia alone bears responsibility for this war. Russia alone has the power to end this war immediately. And it is Russia alone that stands in the way of peace, because the — Russia’s price for peace is Ukraine’s capitulation, Ukraine’s territory, and Ukraine’s children.”

Militarism: “Russia believes that the world will grow weary and allow it to brutalize Ukraine without consequence. But I ask you this: If we abandon the core principles of the United States [U.N. Charter] to appease an aggressor, can any member state in this body feel confident that they are protected? If we allow Ukraine to be carved up, is the independence of any nation secure? I’d respectfully suggest the answer is no. We have to stand up to this naked aggression today and deter other would-be aggressors tomorrow. That’s why the United States, together with our allies and partners around the world, will continue to stand with the brave people of Ukraine as they defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity and their freedom.”

Uruguay
Mr. Luis Lacalle Pou, President
19 September 2023

Militarism: “I wish once again here at this forum like others have done to firmly condemn the Russian invasion of Ukraine.”

Uzbekistan
Mr. Shavkat Mirziyoyev, President
19 September 2023

No relevant references.

Vanuatu
Mr. Odo Tevi, Chair of the Delegation
26 September 2023

No relevant references.

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Mr. Yvan Gil Pinto, Minister for Foreign Affairs
23 September 2023

Militarism, military bases: “The government of the United States of America, believing itself to be the sovereign of our Continent under the pretext of the illegal Monroe Doctrine, has once again intervened in a territorial dispute that has lasted for over 200 years concerning our territory of Guayana Esequiba… We denounce that the government of the United States of America intends to militarize the situation. The Southern Command seeks to establish a military base in the contested territory with the aim of creating a spearhead in its aggression against Venezuela and consolidating the plunder of our energy resources.

“Two days ago, the National Assembly of Venezuela unanimously decided to call upon our people to participate in a Consultative Referendum to reaffirm the defence of our sovereign territory in the face of the aggression of the American empire, which seeks to lead us into a war over natural resources. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela reaffirms its commitment to peace but also its firm determination to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity.”

Militarism, arms race: “An example of this is the irresponsible provocations by the most powerful military force in the world, which, by dividing the world into power blocs, exacerbates conflicts, leading humanity into an arms race that can only result in the destruction of life on the planet.”

Military spending, arms race: “We express our concern at the rapid increase in military spending in recent months, reaching levels unseen in recent generations. This represents a new and alarming arms race that diverts resources that would have greater benefits for humanity if they were used not only in financing development agendas or fighting poverty but also in addressing the food crisis and the climate crisis that currently threatens the world.”

Viet Nam
Mr. Pham Minh Chinh, Prime Minister
22 September 2023

Arms races, weapons of mass destruction: “In addition, arms races and increasing risks from weapons of mass destruction loom large.”

Yemen
Mr. Rashad Mohammed Al-Alimi, President of the Presidential Leadership Council
21 September 2023

Weapons: “This year, we have witnessed an increase in the threats of Al Qaeda and ISIS supported by Houthi militias and by the Iranian regime with money, weapons, and intelligence support.”

Weapons, militarism: “Despite these humanitarian interventions, allow me to say that Houthi militias escalated recently their threats. They targeted navigation routes in the Red Sea, in the Almanda Strait and the Gulf of Aden. They've used these as military areas. They've tested new weapons, they've targeted commercial ships and tankers. That means that these militias, supported by the Iranian regime, continue to destabilize the region to undermine efforts in order to renew the truce and resume the political process.”

Nuclear weapons, weapons of mass destruction, missiles: “Today would be a day to reaffirm the need to guarantee the freedom of international navigation to combat extremism, terrorism, piracy and support measures to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, notably the Iranian nuclear weapon, their ballistic missiles and their role in sabotaging the region.”

Arms embargo, drones, missiles: “We call on the international community to condemn these blatant Iranian interventions and the affairs of my country and to submit it to sanctions pursuant to resolutions of international legitimacy. In this regard, we call on Member States to commit to the arms embargo and to prevent Iran from providing its militias with military capabilities, such as ballistic missiles and drones used to launch terrorist attacks against innocent civilians.”

Child soldiers: “The Presidential Leadership Council and the Government remain committed to all international agreements and conventions, including the protection of children, and to make sure that they do not participate in the armed conflict.”

Zambia
Mr. Stanley Kakubo, Minister for Foreign Affairs
26 September 2023

Militarism: “The cost of war, be it in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, or in the heart of the Sudan, or the war between russia and ukraine, has at its best led to the displacement of innocent women and children, and at worst led to the demise of many of our brothers and sisters. War has left scars that extend beyond the physical; it wounds the soul of nations and fragments the bonds that hold humanity together. Humanity must win the war against war!”

Nuclear weapons, chemical weapons, biological weapons: “The threat of nuclear warfare is a matter that needs our full attention. We take this opportunity to reiterate our resolute stance against the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and we advocate for a world free of nuclear threats through adherence to the principles of disarmament and non-proliferation. We urge all nations to uphold their obligations under the Non-Proliferation Treaty and to work to prevent the development, production, and use of chemical and biological weapons.”

Zimbabwe
Dr. E.D. Mnangagwa, President
21 September 2023

Militarism: “We strongly condemn tendencies by some powerful countries who preach peace, human rights and democracy and yet clandestinely fund conflicts and the unconstitutional changes of governments, for their own narrow interests.”