UNGA Disarmament Index 2025: S-Z

This is an index of all references made to issues of disarmament, militarism, and war made during the 80th General Debate of the United Nations General Assembly, held from 23-29 September 2025. We also published a report and analysis from the debate.

A-G | H-R | S-Z

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Dr. Terrance M. Drew, Prime Minister
27 September 2025

Arms trafficking: “There is a phrase I hold dear: peace is not the absence of noise; peace is the presence of safety. For those of us in the Caribbean, peace is a practical prerequisite for prosperity. Our zone of peace must be more than a slogan pasted on policy papers. It must be defended by concrete measures: better public health frameworks, stronger interdiction of illicit weapons, greater cooperation on maritime security, investment in community safety and youth employment programmes, and international support for capacity building in policing and justice systems.”

Armed conflict: “Historically, in our region, disputes have been resolved through dialogue. As such, we encourage dialogue between our two friends — the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and the United States of America — to ensure that our region remains a zone of peace.”

Arms trade, small arms and light weapons: “We are not asking for pity or imposition. We are asking for partnership — for tools to block the flow of guns and the flow of funds that fuel violence; for initiatives that create opportunities so that young men and women find purpose in productive work rather than perilous pursuits. Partnership, not pity; prevention, not punishment.”

Armed conflict, ceasefire: “Across the globe conflict continues to wreak havoc — Gaza, Ukraine, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Yemen — and each theatre of violence is a theatre of human cost: children displaced, parents bereft, infrastructure destroyed. The pathway to peace is hard and long, but there is no ethical alternative to persistent and constructive diplomacy, to humanitarian corridors that put people above politics and the courage and will of leaders to commit to a world rooted in peace, justice and compassion. St. Kitts and Nevis calls for an end to the anguish caused by the horrific genocide that is unfolding in Gaza. We categorically condemn this affront to humanity, for which there must be accountability. We urge for an immediate and unconditional ceasefire, for the protection of civilians, for the release of hostages, and for the restoration of basic necessities and humanitarian access. International law, conscience and human decency demand no less. Further, the path to lasting peace between the State of Israel and the State of Palestine, one that guarantees human rights, dignity, and security for all, lies in the implementation of a two-state solution.

Saint Lucia
Mr. Alva Romanus Baptiste, Minister for External Affairs, International Trade, Civil Aviation and Diaspora Affairs
29 September 2025

Small arms and light weapons: “Saint Lucia, as a small island developing state, has maintained its engagement in the various processes of critical importance to its domestic agenda at the United Nations: such as climate change and sustainable development, financing for development, international ocean governance, the proliferation of small arms and light weapons, revitalization of the General Assembly and decolonization. These all have a real impact on our national plans and programmes.”

War: Madame President, while global solidarity is essential to uphold human rights it is also important to support self-determination, especially for marginalized and colonized nations. Recognizing their right to independence fosters justice, equality, and dignity; and builds inclusive, sovereign societies, that reinforce the universal principle that all peoples deserve freedom and self-governance. It is for this reason Madame President that the world must act to bring an end to the gruesome carnage and injustices being perpetrated in Gaza on the Palestinian people and this must start with the implementation of the scores of resolutions that have been passed by the UN since 1947, which call for the Palestinians to exercise their right to self-determination.

“Madame President, I draw attention in particular to Resolution 3236 of 1974, which reaffirmed the unassailable rights of the Palestinian people to self-determination, national independence and sovereignty, and the right of the Palestinians to return to their homes and property. In Saint Lucia’s reaffirmation of its commitment to human dignity, equality and justice Madame President, the ongoing Israeli military operations in Gaza and the West Bank raise serious concerns about the humanitarian impact on innocent civilians, which has exceeded disturbing, alarming and unacceptable parameters.”

Explosive weapons, war: “Madame President, dropping bombs on civilians – defenseless men, women and children – cannot constitute a defense of oneself. Using starvation as a method of so-called warfare cannot constitute defense of oneself. Madame President, the destruction of hospitals, schools and places of worship in Palestine, in no way constitute self-defense and are completely unacceptable, inhumane and atrocious.”

War: “Because Madame President, based on publicly available data from United Nations agencies; at least 66,053 Palestinians have been killed – 65,062 in Gaza and 991 in the West Bank, and of the identified fatalities at least 18,430 are children. Further, at least 247 journalists and 540 humanitarian aid workers have been killed since October 7th 2023.Madame President, in this morbid scenario we must remind ourselves that this is not a video game; this is not science fiction and Palestinians are not imaginary people. They are human beings deserving of our collective respect, independence and protection.

“Recognizing the fact of the shared humanity of both Israelis and Palestinians, should cause us to value equally the life of an Israeli and the life of a Palestinian, this would lead naturally to the fostering of dialogue and peaceful solutions to ensure security and stability for all parties involved. Because respecting human rights and protecting all civilian lives must remain at the forefront of international efforts to resolve the conflict constructively.

“Madame President, Saint Lucia’s position is abundantly clear; that there is an urgent need to put an end to the intolerable and significant human suffering, civilian casualties and widespread destruction. Hence, Saint Lucia joins with the majority of Member States which continue to call for de-escalation, dialogue, and adherence to international law to prevent further loss of life and foster a sustainable path toward peace.

“The Palestinians must have their own state and full membership to the United Nations alongside the State of Israel. The only way for Israel to have secure borders is for the Palestinian people to live in their own internationally recognised homeland, in accordance with the universal right to self-determination. Peace in the Middle East can only come from this, not from bombs, and wars, and terrorism and genocide and illegal settlements…. Unsurprisingly, Saint Lucia will sustain its condemnation of the atrocities being committed against the Palestinian people – rooted in centuries of oppression -- including the systemic undermining of Palestinian statehood.”

Armed conflict, ceasefire: “Madame President, ending Russia's war in Ukraine is essential to restoring peace, respecting sovereignty, and preventing further humanitarian catastrophe. The ongoing conflict has caused immense loss of life, displacement of millions, and widespread destruction, destabilizing the region and threatening global security. Hence, ceasing hostilities would demonstrate respect for international law and sovereignty, encouraging negotiations over continued violence.”

Armed conflict: “Madame President, on the 29 January 2014 the leaders of the community of Latin America and Caribbean states (CELAC) declared this region as a zone of peace; it was a declaration based on a commitment to upholding the principles of the UN Charter; it was based on the understanding that peace was necessary for the development of the peoples of the region and that peace in the region contributed to international peace and security. As recently as 13th June this year, at the Brazil - Caribbean Summit in Brasília, the Heads of Government reaffirmed their commitment to maintaining the region as a Zone of Peace. It is in this context therefore, that Saint Lucia, like other CARICOM Member States views with concern recent developments in the region, which have aggravated tensions between Venezuela and the United States. We pray that this tension does not degenerate into violence; hence, maintaining our region as a zone of peace.”

Armed conflict, militarism: “It is also in the context of the Latin American and Caribbean region as a Zone of Peace that Saint Lucia is concerned over developments between Venezuela and the CARICOM member state of Guyana in relation to the border dispute between the two countries. Saint Lucia urges the non-use of force on that issue and reliance on the multilateral mechanisms that are in place for resolving it. Saint Lucia prioritizes diplomacy over violence, believing dialogue fosters peaceful coexistence, and safeguards sovereignty. Small nations like ours can advocate effectively through non-violent diplomacy, demonstrating its moral and pragmatic strength. Consequently, we have a moral obligation to promote peace, development, and human rights through collective leadership rooted in respect, diplomacy, and multilateral cooperation.

“However, Madame President, we have to accept that the UN’s core mission is being ignored and disrespected when we witness the undeniable genocide that is being committed against the people of Palestine, especially in Gaza. Growing famine, widespread starvation and malnutrition are contributing to the carnage. In the words of the UN Secretary-General, Palestinians in Gaza are “enduring a human catastrophe of epic proportions”. Further, the recent attacks on Iran, Syria, Lebanon and Qatar speak to a violation of the UN Charter, which has now become normalized. We cannot deny that the UN’s core mission is being snubbed and disregarded, when after three years, Russia continues to flout international law and the UN Charter with its unprovoked invasion of Ukraine…. And we have to agree that the UN’s core mission is being disregarded in the conflict in the Sudan.

“These shocks to the UN’s core mission should be of concern to all member states; but they are of particular concern to all small island developing states (SIDS) like Saint Lucia, not just because these conflicts threaten world peace in general but because they are symptomatic of a departure from multilateralism and the adoption of the outdated notion that might is right.

“Clearly, Madame President, violence is not in consonance with the requirements of our times. In fact it is abundantly clear that military dominance, which is an expired currency of a bygone era; is not moral tender and cannot purchase peace and stability in the contemporary global political environment.

The Old military order, though fraught with contradictions, is pregnant with renewal; without guidance, its offspring may be disfigured by conflict, but with diplomacy as the midwife, this troubled gestation can deliver a new era of peace and stability.
The World’s intolerance for the carnage in Gaza and the West Bank is symptomatic of its resentment for needless bloodshed;
While military superiority enables death and destruction, it cannot resolve the spectrum of challenges that we, as a global family, are called upon to confront, within the framework of our integrated whole.”

Armed conflict, arms trafficking: “Hence, a new model for the United Nations should prioritize reforming its decision-making processes to enhance efficiency, accountability, and inclusivity, addressing current limitations like veto power and bureaucratic inertia. This model would shift towards a more equitable representation, empowering developing nations and marginalized groups, ensuring their voices influence global solutions. It would strengthen the UN’s capacity for rapid response to crises, integrating innovative approaches like technology and multi-stakeholder partnerships. By fostering transparency and accountability, this new model would rebuild global trust, making the UN a more effective, responsive, and equitable platform for advancing peace, sustainable development, and human rights in an increasingly interconnected world. This model will give birth to an international environment of peace, of the absence of major conflicts and wars, of the decline of unilateralism, of a greater functioning multilateralism that protects us from climate change and climate injustice, from the scourge of illegal weapons smuggled into our countries, an international environment where nations honour their financial commitments and responsibilities, and respect and promote human rights, that supports our efforts at regional integration.”

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Mr. Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister
26 September 2025

War: “So, we have been witnessing an exacerbation of conflicts and wars between some nations, and at the same time, abiding quests for comity and peace by others; we have been observing a wanton disregard of international law by powerful states yet a yearning from others for the upholding of an international legal order grounded in long-established precepts; and international trade has become disruptive and chaotic through unilateral actions on tariffs, the weaponising of currency and the payments systems by the powerful, contrary to all basic international norms, amidst resistance by those who rely on multilateral agreements.”

Militarism: “At the core of the destabilising actions of imperial powers and rising hegemons have been an absolutely insane ambition for unilateral dominance, globally and regionally, and an abandonment of a necessary and desirable multilateralism as envisaged by the Charter of the United Nations and other global compacts on this or that pressing or existential issue.

“Your Excellencies, big-power rivalries, interlaced with personal vainglories and hubris, are gravely unsettling the world to the advantage of not one single nation-state. Civilized discourse, tempered with a patience and a calm, has given way to a bellicosity of language shouted across continents and oceans designed, presumably, to satisfy nativist longings in the breasts of those who those who think that, despite their good fortune, relatively, they have been grievously wronged by some dark and hidden forces.”

Militarism, war: “Historically, and manifestly so today, powerful nations make at least four major, but avoidable, errors: First, they downplay or ignore, at their own peril, the material and other interests of less powerful nations; secondly, they arrogantly believe that they are better than everyone else, and are blind to the uplifting histories of those they consider their inferiors; thirdly, powerful nations in an asymmetrical relationship with others tend to believe, mistakenly, that their dominance is permanent and just, that resistance by others is futile, doomed to failure; and fourthly, in the reassertion of unilateral dominance, great powers invariably hanker for an illusory past that never was; such posturing inevitably leads to frustration, disillusionment, open conflict, further militarisation, and war. A nation cannot look forward to a glorious, unblemished past that never was, and succeed; this pristine “fatherland” or “motherland” fantasy to which modern-day imperial giants and rising hegemons of the west or east seek to return, in glory, is a pathway to damnation for the great power itself and for humanity as a whole. History ought to be a guide to an uplifting future, not a mirror for misplaced vainglory of an imaginary, distorted past, in pursuit of ignoble goals today. Proud man, and woman, imperial or hegemonic, dressed in temporary authority, ought not to be found most assured of that which he or she is most ignorant.”

Nuclear weapons, armed conflict, artificial intelligence: “The intractable problems facing humanity cannot be solved by any one nation acting unilaterally. A mature multilateralism is required to address satisfactorily rampaging climate change in the age of the Anthropocene; to resolve the threats posed by nuclear weapons and their further spread; to pursue peaceful coexistence rather than conflict, terrorism, and war; to reform the system of financing for development, inclusive of a just climate financing; to tackle successfully the growing challenges of Artificial Intelligence; to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, be guided by the Global Digital Compact and the Pact for the Future; and to reshape global governance more inclusively.”

War: “Your Excellencies, the raging genocide and neo-colonial oppression being committed against the Palestinian people in Gaza and the West Bank before our very eyes on global television are continuing affronts to the elemental human rights of the Palestinians, to civilised conduct, and to international law. How can one state, a member of this august body, act with such impunity against defenseless men, women, children? Surely, the hottest part of hell is reserved for these perpetrators of genocide and those who are complicit in it!

“Over two hundred years ago, the British committed large-scale genocide against the indigenous people of my country, the Callinago and the Garifuna, and we are still enduring the historical legacies of underdevelopment therefrom; similarly, the genocidal enslavement of African bodies in our Caribbean, in our hemisphere. It will take centuries for the pain, suffering, and legacies of the current genocide of the Palestinians to be repaired. We in the Caribbean are today demanding, justly, reparations for native genocide and the enslavement of African bodies, which occurred centuries ago. This tragedy, this madness, that has been unfolding, unabated, in Palestine must stop.”

War, militarism: “The authors of this genocide are storing up insecurity and unspeakable problems for themselves in the future. It is pleasing to note that even countries of the North Atlantic military alliance are recognising the independent state of Palestine. We hail the distinguished President of Palestine and the indomitable spirit of his people!”

War: “Isarel’s recent illegal expansion of this war against the Palestinian nation into the State of Qatar is unacceptable. We stand in solidarity with Qatar.

“Similarly, too, the war in Ukraine must be brought to an end. Surely, all reasonable persons must by now realise that victory on the battlefield is highly unlikely for either side. There has to be a negotiated settlement which is likely to satisfy no one, but is required to save lives, limbs, and treasure; perhaps, a mutually-agreed condition of dissatisfaction is the basis for a peaceful resolution, however tenuous that may prove.”

Militarisation: “Likewise, the recent ramping-up of tensions between the USA and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is most unhelpful to peace and stability in our Caribbean and Latin America. St. Vincent and the Grenadines calls for the sealing back of actions and rhetoric which are inimical to cordial, neighbouring relations; in particular, we find the foreign militarisation of the waters around Venezuela exceedingly troubling. Repeatedly, the countries of the Caribbean and Latin America have unanimously declared our area a Zone of Peace; we urge our American friends to abide by this declaration. By all means, let us all cooperate in combating drug trafficking and allied transnational criminal activities, but a unilateral militarization is decidedly not the way to do it.”

Armed violence: “In Haiti, matters political, economic, and social continue to deteriorate; gang violence continues unabated, and veritable Hobbesian state of nature exists in which life is nasty, brutish and short. Haiti’s political and economic elites have been found wanting; but it is true, too, that the international community with the means to assist has not as yet summoned up the will to do so disinterestedly, though in accord with the Haitian people’s deepest longings for peace, security and a normal civilized live and living. The UN Secuirty Council, with CARICOM’s full support, is seized of this matter but an insufficiency of resources and will have attended it. The cynics ask: Why is there such inordinate attention paid to the tribal war in Ukraine but so little, comparatively, bestowed upon the first independent Republic of black people in this hemisphere?”

Artificial intelligence: “Looming, too, Excellencies, are the rising challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This august Assembly must take the lead, urgently, in advancing a global compact to regulate AI so as to secure the benefits to be derived therefrom, but at the same time to prevent its very harmful possibilities. The central question to be answered proactively is this: Will humanity control AI or will we allow AI to control us? Our humanity must always be prioritised.”

Samoa
Mr. Toelupe Maoiautele Poumulinuku Onesemo, Deputy Prime Minister
26 September 2025

Nuclear weapons: “Our geographical isolation and insularity no longer shields or protects us from the increasingly complex and dynamic security challenges – transnational crime especially drug trafficking, nuclear proliferation, challenges to sovereignty, growing geopolitical tensions in our region and humanitarian crises. The rules based international system is being bent out of shape. Gone were the days when we took only what we needed from our environment; when we were a lot more conscious of the importance of the continuity of our cultures and values unadulterated by the infringing, impinging world around us.”

Wars, arms trade, weapons: “Samoa remains a peaceful country, steadfast in our commitment to human rights and justice. We remain concerned by the ongoing wars including in Ukraine and Gaza. The terrible loss of civilian lives, displacement of people as well as the destruction of infrastructure and the environment is something we do not condone. The continued supply of weapons to fuel conflicts must end. Due consideration must be given to the long overdue reforms of the Security Council.”

San Marino
Mr. Luca Beccari, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Political Affairs, International Economic Cooperation and Digital Transition
27 September 2025

Armed conflict: “Unfortunately, the search for peace remains as urgent today as it was in 1945, emphasizing the need for renewed commitment, collective action, and stronger multilateral efforts. Conflicts continue to rise in different parts of the world, inflicting immense human suffering and devastation. If we want that the UN remains a light of hope for those who are experiencing the despair of the war, we must advance our strategies for prevention, mediation, and resolution of conflicts.

“We acknowledge the essential role of the UN in delivering life- saving assistance and protection to millions of people in countries and areas that are enduring conflicts, such as the Horn of Africa, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, the Sudan, Ukraine, Yemen and beyond. But this is not enough: We, member States, must do more in advancing international peace and security, guided by the Charter and the mandates of the General Assembly and the Security Council.”

War: “The war of aggression against Ukraine brought dramatic consequences for the civilian population, including civilian death, the destruction of vital infrastructures, and massive displacement. San Marino condemns the Russian aggression against Ukraine and supports Ukraine’s independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognised borders. We remain committed to ensure that Russia is held fully accountable for its war of aggression against Ukraine. At the same time, San Marino welcomes all international efforts for a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine in line with the UN Charter, the resolutions of the General Assembly, and international law.”

Armed conflict, ceasefire: “The humanitarian catastrophe unfolding in Gaza and the West Bank is unbearable and remains one of the most painful and long-standing tragedies of our time. San Marino condemns unequivocally the horrific terror attacks perpetrated by Hamas on 7 October and calls once again for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages. At the same time, we reiterate our call for an immediate and permanent ceasefire, and for full, safe, and unhindered humanitarian access to the affected civilian population. Nothing can justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people through indiscriminate bombing, starvation and displacement. The continued expansion of settlements, including highly sensitive projects such as E1, together with the devastation in Gaza, threatens to erase the very possibility of peace. Unless we act with unity and determination, the vision of two peoples living side by side in dignity and security will be lost.

“It is in this dark hour that responsibility becomes urgent. On 15 May, our Parliament unanimously mandated the Government to recognize the State of Palestine within this year. Today, before this Assembly, we announce the fulfilment of that mandate. San Marino officially recognizes the State of Palestine as a sovereign and independent State, within secure and internationally recognized borders, in line with the resolutions of the United Nations. Having a State is the inalienable right of the Palestinian people. It is

not, and can never be, a reward for Hamas. This decision is consistent with the message delivered last July at the High-Level Conference co-chaired by France and Saudi Arabia, and with the New York Declaration, which called on States to take concrete and irreversible steps. By joining today the group of countries that move from words to action, San Marino intends to send a strong political and diplomatic signal: recognition of Palestine is essential to reaffirm that peace must be built on justice and equality. San Marino will also continue to support Palestine’s admission as a full member of the United Nations.”

Armed conflict, explosive weapons: “Civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflicts worldwide. The death toll of civilians, including children and women, trapped in conflict has reached a shocking number. We cannot remain silent in front of such tragedy. They have been targeted, killed, injured, kidnapped and tortured. The number of civilians that have been displaced has reached new records. Civilians have been deprived of water, food and humanitarian assistance.

“Houses, critical infrastructures, schools and hospitals have been targeted and destroyed or damaged, leaving civilians in despair, leaving children without educations and patients without health care. Extensive use of explosive weapons in populated areas have caused the majority of civilian casualties in different conflicts. San Marino condemns such attacks and calls on all States to support and implement the Political Declaration on Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas.”

Armed conflict: “San Marino is deeply concern about violence against children, particularly children in situations of conflict. As we celebrate the 20th anniversary of Security Council resolution 1612 (2005), San Marino renews its commitment to the CAAC’s Agenda and support the role of the Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict. We are particularly worried about the high number of grave violations against children that have been reported: the denial of humanitarian access, killing and maiming of children, the recruitment and use of children, abduction, rape and other forms of sexual violence. San Marino calls on all armed forces and armed groups to constructively engage with the United Nations for reaching and implementing action plans to end and prevent grave violations against children in accordance with their obligations under international law.

“San Marino also firmly condemns attacks on schools and hospitals, as well as their use for military purposes. We reiterate our support for the Safe Schools Declaration. Educational facilities should be a safe place for all children, students and teachers. We call on all member States to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict. We also encourage all parties to support other important tools, such as the Paris Principles and Commitments and the Vancouver Principles. San Marino reiterates the importance of accountability for all grave violations against children. Impunity for the perpetrators of grave violations is not acceptable. The international community has the duty not only to stop and prevent these violations, but also to assist child victims and to work for their reintegration.

“Regrettably, violence has increased also against humanitarian actors and journalists. Humanitarian personnel and aid worker are being killed in unprecedented numbers. Attacks against humanitarian personnel, aid workers and journalists must end as they are illegal and unacceptable. San Marino firmly condemns such attacks and cannot remain silent against the fact that impunity is becoming the new normal. Attacks on humanitarian personnel cannot be tolerated. Perpetrators must be held to account. San Marino has recently endorsed the Declaration for the Protection of Humanitarian Personnel, developed by Australia with a group of Countries. This Declaration demonstrates a strong political will to protect humanitarian personnel and to uphold compliance with international law.”

Artificial intelligence: “Moreover, the establishment of an Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and of the Global Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence Governance are fundamental to promote scientific understanding of AI, and to ensure inclusive multi-stakeholder discussion on AI at the UN. It will contribute to building the UN membership’s capacity on AI by fostering shared knowledge, common understanding, and pooled experiences, equally benefiting all stakeholders, particularly from developing countries.

Artificial intelligence, autonomous weapons: “We are worried about the risks related to new technologies in the military domain. The rapid advances in artificial intelligence have led to concerning levels of autonomy in conflicts. Artificial Intelligence has been used in conflicts to select targets and make decisions over life or death. San Marino believes that meaningful human control must be retained over such decisions, guided by international law and ethical principles.”

Nuclear weapons, military spending: “San Marino is also worried about the enlargement and upgrading of nuclear arsenals. Amid escalating global tensions, the threat of nuclear weapons’ use continues to pose an existential risk to humanity. Furthermore, we are witnessing an unprecedented rise in global military expenditures. We are walking on a dangerous and unpredictable path; we need to redirect our efforts on our multilateral system, renewing our commitment to peace through diplomacy.”

São Tomé and Príncipe
Mr. Américo d'Oliveira dos Ramos, Prime Minister
25 September 2025

Armed conflict, small arms and light weapons: “Development requires a context of peace and security we are deeply concerned by the proliferation of conflicts in various regions of the world, from Ukraine to Sudan, including the Sahel, the Great Lakes, and the Horn of Africa, causing immense human suffering and undermining development efforts in those regions of the continent. In this regard, we advocate for the peaceful resolution of all these conflicts because only “silencing the guns” can create an environment in which a better future with peace and development for all peoples can be built.”

Armed conflict: “Sao Tome and Principle strongly condemns all forms of violence and aggression. We stand for full respect of international law and the charter of the United Nations. We reiterate our call for a peaceful and lasting solution for the Israeli Palestinian conflict based on the coexistence of two states with secure and internationally recognized borders.  We urge the international community to intensify support for African peace and security initiatives, always respecting African leadership and endogenous solutions.”

Saudi Arabia
Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, Minister for Foreign Affairs
27 September 2025

Armed conflict: “Crises and putting an end to conflicts, and not deviating from the goals for which they were established, especially regarding the preservation of peace and security without duality or selectivity. The suffering that the Palestinian people are witnessing and the unprecedented humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip, which has been officially classified (a group case) according to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) report, contradicts the principles of the charter, international law, and international humanitarian law in light of the brutal practices carried out by the occupying authorities without deterrence, including starvation, forced displacement, and systematic killing, in complete disregard for the historical and legal rights of the Palestinian people in their land, and their efforts to obliterate their legitimate rights, which necessitates sustainable access and ensuring the cessation of aggression to facilitate humanitarian assistance.

“Mr. President, the time has come to find a just and lasting solution to the Palestinian issue, as military escalation will not achieve security and peace, and the continued handling of the issue. The Palestinian outside the framework of international law and legitimacy is what led to the continuation of violence and the exacerbation of suffering. From here, we affirm the importance of the international community bearing its responsibilities to stop this suffering and to achieve sustainable peace, through the two-state solution, as the only way that guarantees the security of all in the region.

“The international community's failure to take decisive action to stop the Israeli assaults and violations will only contribute to destabilizing security and stability regionally and globally, and will open the door to dangerous repercussions, the escalation of war crimes, and acts of genocide. From this standpoint, the Kingdom, in cooperation with the Kingdom of Norway and the European Union, initiated the "International Coalition for the Implementation of the Two-State Solution," and co-chaired with the French Republic the "High-Level International Conference on the Peaceful Settlement of the Palestinian Issue and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution," which constitutes a clear executive path for the two-state solution, leading to the end of occupation and conflict. The Kingdom will continue its diligent efforts to achieve the establishment of the Palestinian state.

“The independent state on the borders of 1967, with its capital in East Jerusalem, according to international legitimacy resolutions, the Arab Peace Initiative, and the two-state solution. In this context, the Kingdom commends the international support witnessed by the "High-Level International Conference on the Peaceful Settlement of the Palestinian Issue and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution." The Kingdom also praises the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the New York Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of the Palestinian Issue, the implementation of the two-state solution, and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state, which garnered a significant majority. It welcomes the increasing number of countries that have announced recognition of the Palestinian state, including France, Britain, Canada, Australia, Portugal, Malta, Belgium, Luxembourg, Monaco, Andorra, and San Marino, considering this an important step towards entrenching the two-state solution and enhancing the path to a just and lasting peace. It calls on all countries to recognize the State of Palestine and to continue supporting the implementation of the two-state solution, in commitment to international law, and to reinforce security and peace in the region and the world. We must not overlook praising the direction of the Palestinian National Authority. To carry out important repairs, which deserves more support and empowerment from the international community.”

Armed conflict: “From this standpoint, the Kingdom has condemned the Iranian aggression against the sisterly State of Qatar, which contradicts what we seek to establish in terms of good neighborly relations. The Kingdom also strongly condemns the ongoing Israeli assaults in the region, the latest of which is the blatant aggression against the sisterly State of Qatar, which requires international action to confront these assaults and to take international measures to stop Israel and deter it from carrying out its criminal acts that destabilize the security and stability of the region.”

Nuclear weapons, weapons of mass destruction, arms race, nuclear energy: “Starting from our firm conviction of the importance of regional security and stability and preventing a nuclear arms race in our region, the Kingdom emphasizes the necessity of adhering to the non-proliferation regime, and reaching a region free of weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East, while respecting the right of states to the peaceful use of nuclear energy in accordance with international controls. The Kingdom affirms that the diplomatic path is the way to address the issue of the Iranian nuclear program, and calls for positive engagement in negotiations and cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency.”

Artificial intelligence, autonomous weapons systems: “The Kingdom warns of the dangers of military uses of artificial intelligence applications and autonomous weapons, and the necessity of enacting international laws that regulate them.”

Armed conflict: “And the Kingdom emphasizes the necessity of stopping the repeated Israeli assaults on Syrian territory, and supports everything that contributes to consolidating Syria's security and stability, respecting its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and not interfering in its internal affairs.”

Armed conflict: “The Kingdom reiterates its keenness on restoring the security and stability of the Republic of Yemen, and affirms the importance of reaching a comprehensive political solution, and supports the international efforts and relevant international resolutions.”

Ceasefire: “The Kingdom emphasizes the importance of stability in Sudan, the unity of its territories, and the safety of its national institutions. It calls for intensifying efforts to alleviate humanitarian suffering, stop the war, and limit foreign interventions that fuel the conflict and prolong its duration. The Kingdom stresses the importance of continuing dialogue in the city of Jeddah, leading to a ceasefire and facilitating the delivery of humanitarian aid, while rejecting any steps outside the framework of state institutions that may undermine the unity of Sudan and do not express the will of its brotherly people.”

Ceasefire: “The Kingdom also supports the Libyan solution and calls for commitment to implement the ceasefire, which leads to consolidating the unity of Libya and its national institutions, and supports efforts to combat terrorism.”

Armed conflict: “Regarding the Russian-Ukrainian crisis, the Kingdom calls for finding a peaceful settlement through dialogue, which achieves the interests of all parties. It affirms its readiness to continue mediation efforts, based on its balanced position and its trusted relations with the various parties to the crisis. In this context, the Kingdom hosted Russian-Ukrainian-American peace talks, as part of its efforts to reach a political solution that ends this crisis and enhances international security and peace.”

Armed conflict: “The Kingdom commends the response of Pakistan and India to diplomatic efforts, prioritizing governance in reaching an agreement that ends the tension between the two countries, and the Kingdom affirms Support it by analyzing the violations through dialogue and peaceful means, starting from the principles of good dialogue, which achieve peace and prosperity for the two countries and their peoples.”

Senegal
Mr. Bassírou Diomaye Diakhar Faye, President
24 September 2025

Armed conflict, arms race, cyber: “We are living through times of great turmoil, unprecedented challenges, and multiple uncertainties: the spread of terrorism, the persistence of old and new conflicts, climate change, a deep economic crisis, a decline in international solidarity, and a high risk of the disintegration of multilateralism. I am also mindful of the resurgence of the arms race, including in cyberspace.”

Armed conflict: “In this worrying context, Africa continues to face armed conflicts, terrorism, particularly in the Sahel, cross-border crime, and political instability.”

Armed conflict, explosive weapons: “In the Middle East, the Palestinian people continue to endure the worst calamities, which words can no longer even express. Under the daily barrage of bombs, all limits have been exceeded. We cannot remain silent or look away. Gaza is no longer alive. Gaza, a land of tears, blood, and sweat, has become a living hell for millions of souls of all ages, trapped in an open-air prison. Men, women, and children are dying every day, deprived of food, water, and health care. Senegal reiterates its strong condemnation of this tragedy, for which there can be no justification. In its capacity as Chair of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, Senegal considers that only the creation of an independent and viable Palestinian State will bring lasting peace to all parties, each within secure and internationally recognized borders.”

Serbia
Mr. Aleksandar Vučić, President
24 September 2025

Armed conflict: “The world is facing its deadliest surge in violence since World War II. In 2024, 61 armed conflicts erupted across 36 countries, the highest number in more than seven decades.”

Armed conflict: “Today, we are witnessing the unprecedented wonder, a sick expression of joy for the crime committed against an innocent person. The example of Charlie Kirk is the best confirmation of that. He was savagely assassinated just because his killer didn’t like his ideas. He was shot even after death by the same ones who had prepared political and media grounds for his assassination. And, please, do not be surprised because I’m speaking about this more than about big world conflicts; it is precisely that such a development devastates in a deepest and the clearest way the world political community much more than conflicts with clear and visible actors.”

War: “It was mostly spoken here about Palestine and Israel. Both are our friends. And I cannot easily- because of more “likes” on social networks, nor I want to take sides and speak about good and bad people, just because it brings us another point in daily politics. But, speaking of which, let me bring you back to the beginning of this part of my speech. Big pro-Palestinian demonstrations were held in Italy during the past weekend. People were shouting “Gaza, Gaza”, but, at least in Milan, some of them didn’t even think of Gaza. The only thing that was on their mind was demolishing and burning down of what the Italian people had created for centuries, just because it is popular to be against the government and take part in some kind of violence. And when, otherwise very composed, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni calls such hooligans, rightly so, “thugs”, we all ask ourselves what the next stage would be like and what awaits us in the future.”

Militarism: “Serbia is well aware of the price paid in disregard of international law and multilateralism. Twenty-six years ago, my country fell prey to a brutal aggression by NATO. It opened a Pandora box of sorts whereby the very postulates of international law were unscrupulously undermined and the principle of territorial integrity brought into question. The consequences of such actions of those who considered themselves untouchable at the time are felt today as well.”

Armed conflict: “For exactly 30 years now, and in this distinguished institution and everywhere else, a false campaign has been ongoing against both the Republic of Serbia and Republika Srpska, the entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina. All over the world, everywhere, countless times, you could hear how, as they use to say, from well-informed sources, they heard that it was only a matter of days before Serbia would attack someone in the region, and that Republika Srpska and its leadership would violate the territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. And all this time, it has been a lie—a real smoke screen—intended to enable international representatives, who are not elected by the people, to deal with legitimate representatives of the Serbian people, one of the three constituent peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina, imposing sanctions against them, believe it or not, replacing them from the positions the people elected them to, and conducting criminal proceedings and issuing convictions for words spoken, for verbal offenses. Thus, all of you are witnesses to a fact that for 3.5 years since the beginning of the conflict in Ukraine, we have been hearing stories that we, as a Russian puppet, will attack someone in the region, which, of course, did not happen and will not happen. The only thing we have never heard is an apology from those who spread such falsehoods, and it is quite certain that we will never hear one. Let me reiterate, Serbia is a free, independent, and sovereign country that makes its own decisions independently. We are committed to our European path; we do not plan to attack anyone, but equally, we will not allow anyone else to threaten our freedom and our country.”

Sierra Leone
Mr. Julius Maada Bio, President
24 September 2025

Armed conflict: “Today, we face deepening inequalities, climate crises, geopolitical fragmentation, technological disruption, and entrenched conflicts. No nation can meet these challenges alone. We need bold multilateralism and a United Nations that is not only reformed but reinvigorated.

“We have supported efforts to stabilise the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, de-escalate tensions in the Middle East, and support political transitions in Lebanon and Syria for peace and stability.”

Armed conflict, ceasefire: “We have also seen the Security Council’s limits — its paralysis in the face of grave human suffering. Nowhere has this failure been more heart-wrenching than in Gaza. A preventable genocide was not prevented. Mass starvation that could have been avoided was not avoided. A broadly supported two-State solution is being obstructed by division and inaction. We therefore welcome all Member States that have recently announced their long overdue recognition of the State of Palestine. Yet much more remains to be done: we must bring an end to the war and ensure the release of all hostages and prisoners. We say again: Ceasefire now in Gaza! Ceasefire now in Sudan! Ceasefire now in Ukraine! These are not just slogans; they are calls to conscience; calls to action. They are echoes of the UN’s founding pledge to “save succeeding generations from the scourage of war.”

Armed conflict: “At our darkest hour, during one of the most brutal civil conflicts in modern history, the UN stood by our side.”

Disarmament: “The United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) — one of the largest peacekeeping operations of its time —helped disarm over 75,000 combatants, restore civilian governance, and support democratic elections.”

Singapore
Mr. Vivian Balakrishnan, Minister for Foreign Affairs
27 September 2025

War: “The 80 years since the end of the Second World War has been a unique period in history. The first half of the 20th century was amongst the bloodiest periods known to mankind.”

War, nuclear weapons: “The first few decades after 1945 were marked by decolonisation and the expansion of the membership of the UN. The Cold War spawned several proxy wars around the world, including some in our region. But thankfully, as a world, we avoided another world war between superpowers. Mutually assured destruction deterred the use of nuclear weapons – although we all know there were a few close shaves.”

Militarism: “However, the post-War world order that I have just described has come to an end. The current distribution of economic weight, technological sophistication and military strength today is very different from the world of 1945. It is obvious that the UN and the other international organisations have not evolved to keep up with the times.”

War: “The current wars which we all witness in the Middle East, Ukraine, and parts of Africa reflect this tragedy. In all conflict zones, too many innocent lives are lost, preventable famines occur, and impunity abounds. The humanitarian situation in Gaza is dire and shocking. Singapore hopes there will be an immediate ceasefire, an immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, and for immediate access to humanitarian aid, food, and medical care for the civilians in Gaza.

“Singapore will recognise the State of Palestine when it has an effective government that accepts Israel’s right to exist and categorically renounces terrorism. Singapore cannot recognise any unilateral annexation of occupied territory because this would be a flagrant breach of international law. If the situation continues to deteriorate, or if Israel takes further steps to extinguish a two-State solution, we will then have to reconsider our position on when to recognise a Palestinian State.

“In Ukraine, a permanent member of the Security Council has to comply with the UN Charter. We must also not forget the victims in Sudan and other conflict zones throughout the world.”

Cyber: “The good news is that actually the multilateral system still works. Let me cite a few success stories… In July, to cite another example, we achieved consensus on the Final Report of the Open-Ended Working Group on Cybersecurity, which strengthened the normative framework for responsible State behaviour in cybersecurity. We also agreed to establish the Global Mechanism on Cybersecurity as a permanent home for this work at the UN. Mr Burhan Gafoor, the PR of Singapore to the UN, had the honour and the burden of chairing this Open-Ended Working Group over the past five years.”

Artificial intelligence: “The UN needs to be future-ready and to harness the potential of emerging technologies like AI as a force for good, for all. Early, constructive and inclusive multilateral engagement is essential. AI’s transformative force can aid conflict prevention, peacekeeping, and humanitarian operations. But you all know that there are also downsides and dangers, and it requires guardrails, so that it can be harnessed responsibly.”

Slovakia
Mr. Peter Pellegrini, President
24 September 2025

Armed conflict: “80 years ago, humanity emerged from the darkest conflict in history. It claimed millions of lives, left entire regions in ruins. My country, witnessed the Holocaust, but also the courage to stand up to evil.”

Nuclear weapons: “A few days ago, I visited the Hiroshima Memorial. It was a deeply moving experience and a painful reminder of the destruction in a single, brief moment. All this teaches us important lessons of the past. Hiroshima and Nagasaki must be the last places where nuclear bombs were used. It obliges us to denounce any threats of nuclear destruction. It obliges us to work each day on keeping the world safe, and at peace.”

Armed conflict, militarism: “The authors of the UN Charter saw the dangers of unchecked hatred and extreme ideologies. They understood that the world needed a framework, to ensure it wouldn’t slip into chaos again. The rules protected sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, as well as the resolution of conflicts by peaceful means. And the prohibition of the use of force. Those were the foundations of a stable and just world.”

Militarism: “And what’s worse, the Charter is openly questioned. The “rule of the powerful” and the use of military force are returning as tools of policy. International law is being dismantled, piece by piece, norm by norm. We see the mass proliferation of violations and their violators.

“But let us ask: Where is this leading us? What will be the result? What will hold up the more unpredictable world? As small country, in Slovakia, we believe that small countries must be smart, and not only in times of confrontation. UN Charter and the rules must prevail always the guardrails against the false notion of the “right of might” and the illusion of “spheres of influence,” where external powers dictate the lives of other nations.”

Armed conflict: “Esteemed Leaders, peace is the defining mission of the UN to which we committed 80 years ago. Even so, the world is more violent today, with dozens armed conflicts recorded last year. Today the world is becoming a more dangerous place that it was before. Innocent people, elderly, children and women, suffer because of war. This is not an anomaly; it is a structural shift. This is the reality, ladies and gentlemen. The Security Council, to which we have entrusted the greatest powers and special responsibility for maintaining peace, cannot pretend that it is succeeding. It is failing.

“The war in Ukraine reminds us daily how fragile peace is when the UN Charter is disregarded and international law is ignored. As its neighbor, Slovakia witnesses the immense cost of this war. Sadly, despite all efforts toward a peaceful settlement, Ukraine must defend itself against Russia. This is despite the groundwork for diplomatic talks being set at the US-Russia summit in Alaska. Despite the clear agreement that negotiations would soon continue, with Ukraine being included.”

Drones, armed conflict: “Ladies and Gentlemen, instead two weeks ago, the airspace of Poland—our neighbor and ally—was seriously violated by Russian drones. A flagrant violation of sovereignty, international law, and a direct threat to shared Euro-Atlantic security. Equally as we saw in Estonia, and Romania. I want to express my firm support and solidarity with the allies. The door open to negotiations should never be mistaken for weakness or an invitation to further violence. My country calls to early peace. We call on commitment, and concrete steps, in line with the results of summit in Alaska. We continue to be ready to contribute to it, and to support the guarantees ensuring the future peace that stands the test of time.”

Armed conflict: “In the Middle East, after the horrific act of terrorism, Israel has the right to defend itself. Hostages must return home. In Gaza, children and families do not feel safe anywhere—neither in hospitals nor in their temporary shelters. Esteemed leaders, the thin line between legitimate defense and unacceptable suffering is being painfully tested. We must allow access to humanitarian aid for those who need it. We hear the quest by Palestinians to have their own state. Slovakia does not need to make big gestures today. For more than three decades ago, we have recognized the right of Palestinian people to decide upon their fate. In Bratislava, we already have the Embassy of the Palestine. We believe in a two-state solution. But this is achievable only at the table, by diplomatic means, based on the will to live side by side as Palestine and Israel.”

Artificial intelligence: “Ladies, and gentlemen, the world is changing at unprecedented speed. The triple planetary crisis and quick progress in artificial intelligence are moving far faster than we are able to react. Slovakia has been an active voice in both global climate debates and discussions on the artificial intelligence. I don’t want to sound doom, and gloom. In fact, we must get ready for the new era – the unstoppable revolution. We need a responsible approach from all—international institutions, the private sector, and governments. My country wants to contribute and to steer the debates and find solutions by hosting all the actors at the Summit on Education and AI in our capital, Bratislava, in November.”

Slovenia
Ms. Nataša Pirc Musar, President
23 September 2025

Armed conflict, militarism: “Fourthly, the Genocide Convention risks becoming a relic of the past. Some states have put the International Criminal Court to its greatest challenge ever. Its prosecutors, whose only duty is the pursuit of justice, and its judges, whose responsibility is to uphold the law, our international law, now face sanctions and intimidation. As if the states that sanction them would prefer to shield the alleged perpetrators of atrocities, rather than confront the truth and help deliver justice.”

“Think of hunger. Time and again, humanity rose across continents to confront the scourge of hunger. To no avail. Worse still, hunger is now being weaponised – turned into a tool of war! We receive reports on a daily basis of how women and children are starved because they are marked as legitimate targets, as enemies. How cruel, how inhumane, is that, ladies and gentlemen?”

“Let us demonstrate that we reject arrogance, hatred and wilful blindness to a lack of equality and justice, to wars of aggression, crimes against humanity, and genocide – because they tear us apart, for generations.”

Landmines: “And finally, states are withdrawing from the Paris Climate Agreement, from the Ottawa Treaty, and from UN agencies, or simply cutting their financing. Each such act chips away at the support for multilateralism, a system designed not for the powerful few, but for the benefit of us all.”

Militarism: “In 1945, the end of the Second World War was greeted with celebration, and hopes were placed in a new era of peace and co-operation, embodied by the creation of the United Nations. However, those hopes were soon overshadowed by the onset of the Cold War. When it ended in 1991, we once again dared to believe that this would pave the way to the vision of lasting peace, security and co-operation as enshrined in the UN Charter. Sadly, that vision has not materialised. In fact, the situation has worsened.”

“Granted, science, technology and global connectivity are too often twisted by cynical leaders and war-mongering regimes. But they can also be harnessed for the common good! Artists, influencers and visionaries with audiences of millions can join forces with the governments of like-minded nations. Together, their voice in defence of humanity could become irresistible. Together, they – we – can demand real action by all governments, all world and community leaders, on the Pact for the Future and hold to account those who betray human dignity to its very core: through wars of aggression, genocidal policies and crimes against humanity. If we join forces and make ourselves heard, nobody can ignore us, not even the most arrogant governments and individual politicians.”

“If we, the leaders of this planet, can offer nothing but terror, conflict, pollution, fear, inequalities and war to eight billion people, then we must confront the truth: we are complicit in crimes against our civilisation and our planet. And not just us, heads of states, but leaders of international institutions, CEOs, and every individual with the power to make a difference, share this responsibility. None of us can claim ignorance of what is at stake.”

“We cannot allow this to happen any longer. Forty years ago, musicians stood against hunger. Instead of guns, they – the Band Aid – used music. The world heard them, but they were not loud enough, as hunger has not been eradicated. Today, we have science. We can address, on a scale, beyond imagination, not only hunger, but every act of violence against human beings, and all human fears.”

Solomon Islands
Mr. Jeremiah Manele, Prime Minister
26 September 2025

Armed conflict: “We celebrate our collective triumph of humanity when we choose unity over division, cooperation over conflict, and justice over indifference. Eighty years ago, in the aftermath of the Second World War, the world chose to build than destroy. The UN Charter is a covenant of hope, peace and progress.”

Armed conflict: “We meet at a moment of profound uncertainty – marked by deepening conflicts, armed aggression, widening inequalities, and the growing disregard for international law.”

Militarism, military spending: “The erosion of the UN Charter’s principles, the alarming return of unilateralism threatens the very foundation of our multilateral system. We note with deep concern that the world is now over armed, spending less on the development agenda and increasingly adopted a militarized posture. We need to halt and reverse these non-peaceful trends.”

Nuclear weapons, militarism: “We seek a region free from nuclear weapons, militarization, trafficking of illicit drugs and geopolitical posturing. My subregion recently adopted the Ocean of Peace Declaration. It is rooted in the Pacific’s collective history and culture. It is our collective vision for a resilient, peaceful, and prosperous Blue Pacific continent.”

Armed conflict: “This week Solomon Islands signed onto the Declaration for the Protection of Humanitarian Personnel, noting that 380 humanitarian personnel paid the ultimate sacrifice last year. It is our collective responsibility to respect international humanitarian law, protect the safety of humanitarian personnel and civilians and instil accountabilities for all in disaster and war zones.”

Armed conflict, ceasefire: “We must do more for peace, protect civilians—especially children and women - and hold those accountable for such action. Inaction puts a human face to the sad situation in Gaza where more than 60,000 lives have been lost. Solomon Islands condemn Hamas attack on Israel and for all lives lost. We also call for the release of all remaining hostage and immediate cease fire in Gaza. This is critical for regional stability and global peace.

“Solomon Islands reaffirms its consistent support for a peaceful and permanent solution to the Israel and Palestine conflict. We look forward to Palestine and Israel living side by side in peace along secured borders in accordance with international law, UN Resolutions and the UN Charter. Let us give peace a chance and put an end to one of the world’s unyielding conflicts marked by displacement, occupation and the unnecessary loss of lives.”

Nuclear weapons: “Solomon Islands reaffirm its strong commitment for the total elimination of nuclear weapons. This year the Pacific celebrates 40 years since the adoption of the South Pacific Nuclear Free Treaty. The Pacific has been used to test weapons, store nuclear waste and discharge treated nuclear water. We see the scars of nuclear impacts and will remain the world’s strongest advocates for a world free of nuclear weapons.”

Unexploded ordnance: “UXOs from World War II remains a threat to our communities, people and obstruct development. Solomon Islands would like to acknowledge the United States, Japan and Australia in disposing World War II Unexploded Ordnance (UXOs) and carcinogenic substances buried in our land and seas left behind from World War II.

“This is the cruel reality of a war we never chose, yet whose scars we continue to carry. Justice demands that those responsible accept their duty to help heal the wounds they left behind. And it is only by standing better together in solidarity, with shared responsibility and compassion that we can finally close this painful chapter of history and build a safer, more just future for all peoples.”

Somalia
Mr. Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President
25 September 2025

Militarism: “Where we once strived to ask “What is Right” under international law, today we are witnessing the unapologetic rise of national MIGHT to settle disputes. This is a truly dark and dangerous path that threatens the hard-won rules based international order we collectively agreed on as UN member states.”

Armed conflict: “While we should be focussed strategically on accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals and leaving no one behind by 2030, the number of fragile states and populations living in poverty is increasing globally. Over 30 member states of the UN today, including my country, Somalia, are classified as Fragile and Conflict-affected because of both conflict and social and institutional fragility. When you add the vulnerabilities stemming from climate change, this number is frighteningly higher. In addition to this, urbanisation is rising at the fastest rate in human history because of conflict, climate and lack of economic opportunities in rural communities.”

Armed conflict, ceasefire: “Somalia remains deeply concerned by the continued suffering of the Palestinian people. The ongoing violence, displacement, and deprivation faced in the occupied territories including Gaza demand our collective conscience and urgent action. We call for an immediate and lasting ceasefire, unhindered humanitarian access, and renewed commitment towards the two-State solution as the only viable path for a just and lasting peace in the Middle East.”

Militarism: “Of course, while we remain grateful for all the international support to combat terrorism, I strongly commend the unwavering commitment and courage of the Somali security forces and local community defence forces for their sacrifices, resilience and success against Al-Shabaab and ISIS. This will continue until we achieve complete victory and harmony in our country, region, continent and the wider world. We must never give in to cowardly terrorists.”

South Africa
Mr. Cyril Ramaphosa, President
23 September 2025

Military spending, weapons, war: “The Secretary-General recently reported that global military expenditure has reached historic highs just as the world is falling behind on its core development promises. We are building weapons, when we should be building social infrastructure. We are fighting wars that cause death and destruction, when we should be fighting poverty and developing the livelihoods of vulnerable people. We must act decisively to silence all guns, everywhere, to realise the goal of sustainable development and global peace.”

Militarism: “As we commemorate the 80th anniversary of the UN, the relevance of this institution and multilateral processes for the maintenance of international peace and security is being willfully undermined. There is an increasing reliance on unilateral military action in contravention of international law. The United Nations Security Council has proven to be ineffective in its current form and composition in carrying out its Charter mandate to maintain international peace and security.”

Armed conflict: “As the security and humanitarian situations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Gaza and elsewhere deteriorate, it is a matter of grave concern that there are countries that continue to violate international law and defy UN resolutions and rulings from bodies like the International Court of Justice. The establishment of the Hague Group and the Madrid Group aim to reaffirm the primacy of international law, promoting accountability and ensuring support for a just peace. We cannot and should not accept that members of this Organisation continue to violate without consequence the Charter that we have all agreed to uphold. Therefore, as nations that have pledged to uphold the UN Charter, we have the ultimate responsibility to ensure and protect the rights of the Palestinian people to self-determination.”

Armed conflict: “Consistent with the case that South Africa brought before the International Court of Justice, there is growing global consensus that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza. Just last week, the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry found that Israel is responsible for the commission of genocide in Gaza. As Palestinians continue to face genocide and famine, we have a duty to act. We welcome the historic High-Level Meeting held yesterday on the Two-State Solution yesterday in this chamber. This reflects the determination of the global majority that Palestinians deserve a peaceful state alongside a peaceful Israel. The long overdue announcement by an increasing number of countries to recognise the State of Palestine is testament to this determination.”

Nuclear weapons: “The very first resolution of the United Nations General Assembly, in January 1946, called for the elimination of atomic weapons. The resolution was passed shortly after the catastrophic use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Decades later, we have not made significant progress in the fulfilment of the commitment to nuclear disarmament. In 2026, South Africa will be presiding over the first review conference of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. This Treaty reaffirms that there is no greater assurance of non-proliferation than the complete prohibition of nuclear weapons.”

South Sudan
Ms. Josephine Joseph Lagu, Vice-President
25 September 2025

War: “After 50 years of brutal liberation struggle, it gained independence in 2011. Unfortunately, two years later, the country descended into an internal civil war. With the support of regional and international community, a peace agreement was signed between the warring parties in 2018, known as the revitalized agreement for the resolution of the conflict in South Sudan. This led to the formation of the current revitalized transitional government of national unity, a collision government comprising the warring parties, other peace partners, and stakeholders.”

Arms embargo: “Therefore, with these positive developments, the government of the Republic of Sudan appeals for the removal of targeted individual sanctions and the arms embargo on South Sudan.”

Armed conflict: “Developments in Sudan directly affects development in South Sudan. Since the outbreak of conflict in Sudan in 2023, South Sudan has opened its doors for refugees from Sudan. In partnership with the international aid agencies, we are providing humanitarian assistance, and we have also gone further, and given plots of land for refugees to cultivate and produce their own food, thus integrating them into our local communities. However, there are still outstanding issues with respect to the comprehensive peace agreement of 2005.  Among these are issues of border delimitation …We are committed to working with the government of Sudan to amicably resolve these outstanding issues.”

Spain
Mr. Felipe VI, King
24 September 2025

Armed conflict: “We are seeing this on the European continent, in Ukraine, with the war unleashed by Russia's unprovoked and unjustifiable aggression, in violation of the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Peace in Europe will not be possible without justice and accountability. Spain will continue to support all efforts aimed at achieving a just and lasting peace, based on the principles of international law, respect for human rights and accountability.”

Armed conflict, explosive weapons: “We also see it, in all its harshness, in the Middle East, in Palestine, in the Gaza Strip. We cannot remain silent or look the other way in the face of devastation, bombings, even of hospitals, schools and places of refuge; in the face of so many deaths among the civilian population; or in the face of famine and the forced displacement of hundreds of thousands of people... to what fate? These are abhorrent acts that are the antithesis of everything this forum stands for. They repulse the human conscience and bring shame on the entire international community.”

“Spain is a nation deeply proud of its Sephardic roots. When we speak to the people of Israel, we are speaking to a people of brothers and sisters, a people who, when they return to Spain – to Córdoba, Toledo, Seville, Barcelona – are returning home. That was the inspiration behind the law that, in 2015 and with broad consensus, granted Spanish nationality to the descendants of Sephardic Jews originally from Spain. That is why it pains us so much, why we find it so difficult to understand what the Israeli government is doing in the Gaza Strip. That is why we cry out, we implore, we demand: stop this massacre now. No more deaths in the name of a people so wise and so ancient, who have suffered so much throughout history.”

Armed conflict, ceasefire: “Let us be clear, we strongly condemn the abhorrent terrorism of Hamas and especially the brutal massacre of 7 October 2023 against the Israeli population, and we recognise Israel's right to defend itself. But, with the same firmness, we demand that the Israeli government apply international humanitarian law without reservation throughout Gaza and the West Bank. We demand that humanitarian aid arrive without delay, a guaranteed ceasefire, and the immediate release of all hostages still being held so cruelly by Hamas.”

Armed conflict: “The international community must assume its responsibility to bring about, as soon as possible, a viable solution that contemplates the existence of two States. The recognition of the State of Palestine by a growing number of members of our Organisation, which Spain joined last May, should help to achieve a just and definitive regional peace, based on the implementation of United Nations resolutions and also on the universal recognition of the State of Israel.”

Artificial intelligence: “There are other significant challenges, such as managing the impact of the Copernican revolution known as artificial intelligence, which can accelerate progress on the 2030 Agenda if we know how to steer it towards a digital transformation that is fair and equitable.”

Armed conflict: “This is the case in Western Sahara, where Spain will continue to support the personal envoy of the United Nations Secretary-General in order to reach an acceptable solution in accordance with United Nations rules and framework.”

Sri Lanka
Mr. Anura Kumara Dissanayake, President
24 September 2025

War: “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pledges to leave no one behind and to reach the last, first. The Agenda acknowledges the most critical challenge before the world is the challenge to end extreme poverty. I would also like to recall the decisions taken at the Global Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen in 1995. However, wars and political upheavals and the Covid pandemic have obstructed the fulfilment of these hopeful agendas.”

War: “I feel confident that all of you will join me in condemning war. There is no nation in the world that desires war. The result of war is a tragedy wherever it happens. Even now, many countries of the world are experiencing the pain of that tragedy. As a cou ntry that suffered through a three-decade long war, we are keenly aware of its futility. No one who sees the pain and the suffering of parents, spouses, and children of the victims of war would ever dream of another. We have witnessed these painful sights with our own eyes.

“Even as suffering caused by conflict has reached unprecedented levels, the international community has being reduced to mere bystanders. Opportunistic power politics has turned the lives of children and innocent civilians into a game. No one has the right to inflict pain and suffering on another to enhance one’s own power. The duty of a leader is not to destroy lives, but to protect them.

“We are deeply distressed by the ongoing catastrophe in Gaza, which has been turned into an open-air prison full of pain and suffering, echoing with the cries of children and innocent civilians. The United Nations and all related parties must continue to wo rk towards an immediate ceasefire, enable adequate humanitarian aid to reach Gaza and ensure the release of hostages of all parties.

“We recognise Palestinian people’s inalienable right to their own State. We also believe that legal, security, and humanitarian concerns of Israeli and Palestinian people need to be acknowledged. Sri Lanka reiterates the importance of the early implementation of the UN General Assembly resolutions regarding a two-state solution on the basis of the 1967 borders. The time has come for the international community to stop being a mere spectator, and to act decisively to end the suffering of millions.

“Religious extremism and racism have been major causes of wars and conflicts bringing suffering to millions of people. Although a century has passed since the abolition of slavery, the poison of racism still lingers in many places. Extremist and racist ideas are as deadly as epidemics. We must ask ourselves how these extremist and racist ideas survive, like sparks under the ashes, in a world that has witnessed so many advances on so many levels. I believe that we must awaken our conscience to oppose racism and religious extremism in protection of human rights and freedoms.

“We must be brave enough to speak up for peace. A country’s honour and character rests in its fight for peace. We must move towards the practice of resolving problems not through violence but through our shared humane values.”

Military spending, weapons, war: “In a world where millions of children die of hunger, we spend billions on weapons. When tens of millions die of inadequate health facilities, hundreds of millions are spent on futile wars. While hundreds of thousands of children are denied the right to an education, millions are spent on invading another’s land.”

War: “If every inch of this world can be turned into peaceful communities, what a wonderful world would that be! I propose that all of us who are gathered here become envoys of peace, committed to transforming our world into a collection of peaceful communities. As a country that suffered the horrors of war for decades, where loved ones still weep in remembrance of their beloved, we have a duty to make this heartfelt proposal. We hope our country will not have to experience the horrors of war ever again. We invite the world to witness the miracle of a land without wars, a land of peace and beauty. The people of our country opted for a united Sri Lankan nation based on a new political culture. My government is deeply committed to fulfilling that mandate.”

Artificial intelligence: “The digital divide between States is stark. An even greater gap is being created in relation to artificial intelligence. Sri Lanka and many other developing nations are facing challenges in using AI as a development tool due to inadequate infrastructure. I invite the international community to work together to remove AI technological inequalities. To fund such efforts, we need cooperation and partnership. I present to this Assembly a proposal to set up a neutral sovereign “Artificial Intelligence Zone” in Sri Lanka, centred on a green AI data centre, a special economic zone, and a data system facility for partner nations.”

Disarmament: “During the last several decades, Sri Lanka has demonstrated its commitment to international peace and security through active engagement in disarmament efforts at the global stage. We want to work collaboratively with the United Nations and member states to ensure sustainable peace and collective security through multilateral efforts.”

Sudan
Mr. Kamil El-Tayeb Idris, Transitional Prime Minister
25 September 2025

War: “I stand before you, from the banks of the Nile — from the land where history runs as deep as the river itself, from where the deserts know the footprints of our ancient kingdoms and where in this present hour, the dust still carries the scent of war. Sudan has bled. Our villages and cities have fallen silent under the shadow of unprecedented war, unprecedented invasion; our fields have withered; our children have known fear before they have known the fullness of life. And yet, and yet amid the ashes, there is a unique pulse that refuses to die. It beats in the refugee's quiet prayer, in the farmer who plants though he may never reap, and in the mother who sings her child to sleep beneath an open sky.”

Armed conflict: “Madam President, we witness great challenges and face numerous dangers that threaten the principles of the charter and the plurality of parties, with threats to regional and international stability, while the foundations of international law erode, and the crimes of genocide and aggression escalate, and the use of foreign mercenaries occupies the lands of nations and slaughters peoples in contempt of the charter and in violation of international law, as is happening now in my country.”

Weapons, arms trafficking: “The international community must work to stop the flow of advanced lethal weapons to the terrorist militias, condemn and criminalize them, classify them as a terrorist group, and halt the flow of mercenaries.”

Ceasefire: “We affirm the commitment of the Government of Sudan to the roadmap, which was contributed to by a group of national forces and civil organizations, and which we presented to the United Nations and the mediators. It includes a ceasefire accompanied by the withdrawal of the terrorist Rapid Support Forces from the areas and cities they occupy, and lifting the siege on the city of El Fasher and its surroundings, in implementation of Security Council Resolution 2736 issued more than a year ago. It also includes the dignified and safe return of the displaced and refugees, facilitating the delivery of humanitarian aid to those in need and affected, and continuing the transitional political process towards democracy.”

Explosive remnants of war: “The priorities of the civilian government of hope include achieving peace as a top priority, establishing the rule of law, combating poverty and corruption in all its forms, activating transitional justice and accountability, and not impunity from punishment, a balanced foreign policy, and positive engagement with international and regional organizations, and providing services such as electricity, water, security, pensions, and activating rural development, national healthcare, and preparing for comprehensive national elections under regional and international supervision, and working to remove the remnants of war, returning to the capital Khartoum, and starting reconstruction efforts, and improving the efficiency of the health sector, and increasing the participation rate of women and youth in the national dialogue for peace.”

Weapons proliferation: “Madam President, we affirm the commitment of the Government of Sudan to international humanitarian law. The Government of Sudan has developed a comprehensive national plan for the protection of civilians, which it presented to the Security Council and the Secretary-General. This plan covers all aspects of protection, including the establishment of a national protection mechanism and facilitating access to humanitarian assistance, the rule of law, and human rights, supporting accountability, working to stop the proliferation of arms, combating violence against women and children, addressing the issues of displaced persons and refugees, and achieving comprehensive peace, in addition to signing a cooperation framework with the United Nations.”

Explosive weapons: “In this regard, the government renews its commitment to facilitate, protect, and allow the passage of humanitarian assistance through all agreed-upon crossings designated by the Government of Sudan. The continued international silence regarding the crimes of the rebellious terrorist militias, their siege of the city of El Fasher, the displacement camps, their shelling of places of worship and educational institutions, the looting of markets and public and private properties, and the destruction of health facilities throughout the country is considered encouragement and a green light for them to continue their crimes and violations.”

Suriname
Ms. Jennifer Geerlings-Simons, President
23 September 2025

Armed conflict: “On the other hand, we must admit, that the UN at other times, regrettably has been unsuccessful in avoiding conflicts, wars and violations of human rights. In Europe and elsewhere, war has returned, displacing millions, killing many and threatening global security. In several other countries and regions for instance in the Middle – East we have witnessed unspeakable terror at the hands of terrorist organizations. At this moment there are increased occurrences of grave violations of human rights and more specifically the rights of children for example in Gaza. Also, Madam President, within our own Region we have not been spared of rising tensions.”

Militarism: “Suriname strongly reiterates its position that conflicts should primarily be resolved through dialogue. We remind the international community that Latin America and the Caribbean are proclaimed as a Zone of Peace. We do not want military aggression in our Region.”

“In closing, Aggression and military force should be replaced with peaceful resolutions and dialogue.”

Sweden
Ms. Maria Malmer Stenergard, Minister for Foreign Affairs
25 September 2025

Armed conflicts: “In a world in which armed conflicts are multiplying, we must not allow injustice to go unpunished. Accountability is critical to uphold our international rules-based order. The integrity, independence and impartiality of our international legal system, including the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court, must be protected.”

War, missiles, militarism: “When I think of accountability, I think of little Angelina. You have probably seen the picture of her, celebrating her birthday next to a giant teddy bear. She never got to celebrate her third birthday. She was born during Russia’s war, and she died from a Russian missile. Little Angelina and her mother were killed in one of Russia’s deadliest attacks on Ukraine in Kyiv, in August this year. The only one saved from the rubble was the giant teddy bear. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine is a blatant violation of the very foundation of this organisation. A permanent member of the Security Council has brutally invaded another UN Member State. This cannot be tolerated. Holding Russia accountable is essential for all of us — to deter further aggression and to preserve the global order. From the very outset, Ukraine has sought a just and lasting peace, based on international law including the UN Charter. Sweden remains unwavering in its support of Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.”

Armed conflict: “Israel has a right to defend itself. But that right must be exercised in accordance with international law, and the way the Israeli Government is waging the war is unacceptable. The UN and other humanitarian actors must be allowed to work safely in all parts of Gaza. Humanitarian space must be protected, and aid should never be politicised. Increased pressure on the Israeli Government to change its course and meet its obligations according to international law is urgently needed. Sweden welcomes international efforts for a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It is in the interest of all states to not only bring this war to an end, but to ensure a sustainable two-state solution. For a better future for all, both Israelis and Palestinians.”

Ceasefire, armed conflict: “The situation in Sudan is deeply alarming – it is the largest humanitarian crisis in the world, and not given enough attention. Full, safe and unhindered humanitarian access, an immediate ceasefire and negotiations ensuring a return to civilian rule are urgently required. Conflicts all over the world are wasting human potential. Every conflict tears families apart, disrupts education and silences voices. The cost is immeasurable.”

Armed conflict, artificial intelligence: “The crises of our time – armed conflicts, climate change, extreme poverty – demand urgent collective action. But public aid alone is not enough. To achieve our goals, we need to mobilise finance from every source, not least private capital. We must use synergies between development cooperation and trade to meet growing needs and lay the foundation for economic growth and entrepreneurship. The green and digital transition brings great opportunities in terms of jobs, growth and solutions to mitigate climate change and achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. Emerging technologies, such as AI, hold immense promise in addressing some of our most pressing common challenges. The global community must support innovation, while addressing risks.”

Switzerland
Mr. Karin Keller-Sutter, President
24 September 2025

Armed conflict: “From the ashes of the Second World War, a new order emerged, born of a shared conviction and a common will to bring peace and prosperity to the world. It was also in the aftermath of these horrors that the 1949 Geneva Conventions were established, which protect victims of armed conflict.”

Armed conflict: “A time when there are once again too many wars with civilian populations experiencing unbearable suffering. A time in which a just, lasting peace in the Middle East and Ukraine still seems out of reach, and in which autocratic tendencies are gaining ground, including in Europe. A time in which free trade is being put to the test and when, ultimately, international law, including the United Nations Charter, risks being no more than empty words. These upheavals did not come out of nowhere; they are the result of developments that in some cases go back a long way and which, in retrospect, we failed to take seriously enough for far too long. We must be honest: these are developments that have no simple solutions, either at the international or national level.”

Militarism: “But a strong international organisation needs strong members. And when I say strong, I don't mean strength in terms of size or military might. I mean states that are able to offer their citizens an environment in which they are able to blossom – and I would also say express themselves – freely in complete safety and security. Security – not only in a military sense, but also legal, economic and social security. Security and freedom are essential prerequisites for economic growth and therefore prosperity.”

Syrian Arab Republic
Mr. Ahmad Al-Sharaa, President
24 September 2025

Armed conflict: “Yet Syria, for sixty years, fell under the rule of a tyrannical regime that ignored the value of the land it ruled, and oppressed a kind and peaceful people. Our people endured oppression, tyranny, and deprivation for long years, until they rose demanding freedom and dignity—only to be met with killing, torture, burning, rape, and displacement.”

Armed conflict, explosive weapons, chemical weapons: “The former regime waged war on our people with the vilest instruments of murder and torture: barrel bombs, chemical weapons, summary executions, prison torture, forced displacement, fueling sectarian and ethnic strife, and even using drugs as a weapon against both our people and the world. It tore apart our country, destroyed the great centers of our history, and brought in foreign forces, militias, and gangs from across the globe, mortgaging our beautiful homeland. That regime killed nearly one million people, tortured hundreds of thousands, displaced around fourteen million, and destroyed close to one million homes over the heads of their families.”

Chemical weapons: “Our unprotected people were targeted with chemical weapons in more than 200 documented attacks. Yes… our children, our women, and our youth inhaled poisonous gases. The regime did all this to silence the voice of truth. It rejected every political settlement offered to it and left no path to peaceful resolution.”

Armed conflict: “Thus, the people had no choice but to mobilise themselves and prepare for the great historic confrontation through a swift military operation—an operation that brought down a system of oppression that had lasted sixty years with all its backers. It was an operation filled with mercy, goodness, forgiveness, and reconciliation. A military campaign that caused no displacement and killed no civilians, crowned with a victory free of vengeance and enmity. In it, the people regained their rights and triumphed over injustice.”

Armed conflict: “Israeli policies contradict the international position supportive of Syria and its people, exploiting our transitional stage and threatening the entire region with new cycles of conflict whose end no one can foresee.”

Militarism, weapons: “We restructured civil and military institutions, dissolving all previous formations under the principle of ensuring weapons remain solely in the hands of the state.”

Armed conflict: “Before I conclude, let me affirm: the suffering Syria endured, we wish upon no one. We are among the peoples most deeply aware of the horrors of war and destruction. For this reason, we stand firmly with the people of Gaza, its children, and women, and with all peoples facing violations and aggression. We call for an immediate end to the war.”

Tajikistan
Mr. Emomali Rahmon, President
23 September 2025

Artificial intelligence: “The rapid adoption of digital technologies and the effective use of artificial intelligence can noticeably contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. I would like to express my profound gratitude to all Member States for their unwavering support of Tajikistan's proposal to adopt a special Resolution entitled "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Creating New Opportunities for Sustainable Development in Central Asia." I am confident, that the Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on July 25 of this year will serve as a key instrument for the safe and equitable use of artificial intelligence in our region. In this context, we consider the establishment of a Regional Center for Artificial Intelligence in Dushanbe to be favorable. This center would undoubtedly facilitate an implementation of joint initiatives and projects among Central Asian countries in the field of artificial intelligence.”

Cyber: “It is worth noting that, along with the improvement of digital technologies, the number of new security threats, particularly cybercrime, is also growing. We therefore emphasize that cybersecurity must be an important component of collective security.”

Cyber, arms trafficking: “It is evident that, along with cybercrime, terrorism, extremism, illegal weapons’ smuggling trafficking, drug trafficking, and other forms of transnational organized crime continue to pose a serious threat to global security Tajikistan supports the further expansion of international cooperation on global security within the framework of the Dushanbe Counter-Terrorism Process.”

Ceasefire: “We call for a lasting ceasefire in Gaza and access to humanitarian aid.”

Tanzania (United Republic of)
Mr. Philip Isdor Mpango, Vice-President
25 September 2025

War: “The theme of this General Debate, that is, “Better Together: 80 Years and More for Peace, Development and Human Rights”, reminds us that determined cooperation, remains our best vehicle for addressing urgent global challenges of this century and beyond. Yet, we are faced with chaos, in the form of unilateralism with arrogance, barbaric wars, persistent poverty, injustice, pandemics, as well as an impending climate catastrophe.”

War: “As we mark 80 years of the UN, we are called to rekindle the vision of its founders, anchored on two pillars. First, nations can overcome difficulties and accomplish more, when they work together in solidarity. Second, peace is humanity’s truest desire, which we must seek and pursue relentlessly, on the basis of international law. By contrast, war is undesirable. It is a senseless path to resolving conflicts on which everybody loses, and its bitter fruits include: unspeakable loss of innocent lives, too many orphans, widows, and refugees, as well as wanton destruction. Yet, the UN Charter has guided us through many challenges over the past 80 years, reminding us to uphold peace, justice, cooperation, and dialogue to resolve conflicts. Today, as the world faces new tests, we must therefore hold firmly to these same principles, for it is only by respecting and living by the Charter that we can honor the past and build a safer and better future for all of us.”

Armed conflict: “Peace is not a bonus, it is a prerequisite for socio-economic development. We must therefore seek and pursue peace tirelessly. We commend the efforts of the UN Secretary General, world leaders, and organisations that are active in conflict mediation and resolution in countries and regions such as Eastern DRC, Sudan, Russia, Ukraine, and the Middle East.”

Militarism, war: “Tanzania considers unilateralism and misuse of military might, as well as shameful incapacity of the international community and global powers, to bring an end to bloodshed and horrific wars, raging in many places around the world, to be unacceptable. Similarly, Tanzania condemns the resurging use of the law of the jungle as a means of resolving conflicts, as well as committing atrocities that cast shame on the whole of humanity, particularly extreme violence against children, women, the sick and the elderly in conflict situations, as well as imperial attitudes, including that of regarding Africa as a free mine to be exploited and ample land to be plundered! The hypocrisy and scandal of international companies (some of which are state-sponsored) to continue to prosper from the exploitation of Africa’s natural wealth, while causing or supporting conflicts! should be brought to an end now. Instead, Africa needs win-win partnerships in the exploitation of our natural wealth.”

Military spending, weapons:” Tanzania also reminds the international community that increased military spending on research and manufacture of weapons for money, is tragic and morally wrong. It obstructs the quest for peace in the world, and takes away an enormous amount of resources that could have been used to propel sustainable development and prosperity for all humanity.”

Thailand
Mr. Sihasak Phuangketkeow, Minister of Foreign Affairs
27 September 2025

War: “The war in Ukraine, now in its third year, continues to bring immense suffering and destruction. Likewise, the horrendous suffering in Gaza, where innocent civilians, especially children, are paying the heaviest price, weighs heavily on our collective conscience. It is a stark reminder that when peace is broken, the human cost is borne not only by nations, but by ordinary people whose lives are torn apart.”

Landmines: “At home, we have cleared over 99 percent of mine-contaminated areas under the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention. This is not just about treaty obligations, it is about giving communities back safe land they can live and grow on. It is about fulfilling our duty to our people.

Armed conflict: “Yet challenges exist even in our own neighborhood. The situation in Myanmar remains a grave concern. Thailand has provided humanitarian aid along our borders, and we continue to urge all parties toward dialogue and a viable peace process. This is the foundation for lasting peace in Myanmar.”

Landmines, explosive weapons, war: “This morning, I intended to say something different and positive, reflecting hope for the future but I had to rewrite the speech because of the most regrettable remarks by my Cambodian colleague. To my dismay, Cambodia continues to present itself as the victim. Time and time again, it has portrayed its own version of the facts, which does not hold up to scrutiny because it is simply a distortion of the truth. We know who are the real victims: they are Thai soldiers who have lost their legs from landmines, children whose schools were shelled, and innocent civilians who were shopping that day”

Ceasefire: “The ceasefire is still fragile. We must make it work. This demands commitment and sincere actions from both sides. Regrettably, Cambodia’s continued provocations, including the mobilization of civilians into Thai territory and recent firings toward our side, undermine peace and stability along the border. I am referring to a series of incidents since 23 September of Cambodian troops’ firing at Thai troops stationed along the border. The most recent incident happened just today. Thai troops have also continued to detect Cambodian surveillance drones, intruding into Thai territory on a daily basis across the border areas. These actions constitute a violation of Thailand’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and the ceasefire agreement reached at the special meeting in Putrajaya, Malaysia, and reaffirmed at the bilateral border committee meetings. And let there be no doubt that Thailand has always, and will always stand for peace, and will do everything we can to find a peaceful solution to the current problem with Cambodia. At the same time, Thailand will always stand firm and resolute in the defense of our sovereignty and territorial integrity. We urge Cambodia to work with us in resolving differences through peaceful dialogue and existing mechanisms.”

Timor-Leste
Mr. Dionisio Da Costa Babo Soares, Permanent Representative to the United Nations
29 September 2025

Armed conflict: “At a time when the world seems to be willingly walking towards self-destruction, marked by international and civil conflicts, humanitarian emergencies, the climate catastrophe, and the resulting deepening of inequalities, Timor-Leste reaffirms our firm conviction that the multilateral system is not a choice, but a necessity.”

Armed conflict: “Deeply concerned by the erosion of international humanitarian law and the suffering of civilians in ongoing conflicts, Timor-Leste calls on all States to renew their commitment to the peaceful settlement of disputes, to respect international law, and to strengthen the role of the United Nations in conflict prevention.”

Cyber, artificial intelligence: “It is also imperative to advance AI and digital capabilities in LDCs, while concurrently safeguarding cybersecurity. This requires investing in digital infrastructure, enhancing digital literacy and implementing e-government initiatives. Promoting AI research and innovation, cultivating talent, and establishing a policy framework are also pivotal for fostering growth. Nonetheless, international cooperation remains essential to establish comprehensive regulations governing the use and development of AI.”

Armed conflict: “As the suffering of the Timorese people came to an end before that of our brothers and sisters, we will always, in this House and in every forum of dialogue, be amplifiers of the right to self-determination of Western Sahara, calling for a collective resolution of the conflict.”

Armed conflict, ceasefire, disarmament: “Timor-Leste therefore welcomes the overwhelming adoption on 12 September of the New York Declaration on the peaceful settlement of the question of the Middle East and the implementation of the two-State solution. Timor-Leste recognized the State of Palestine in 2004, two years after its own independence. We did not, however, imagine we would witness the conflict escalating to the tragic proportions we see today. It is urgent to implement the roadmap set out in the adopted Declaration, in particular: an immediate ceasefire in Gaza; the release of all hostages; the establishment of a sovereign Palestinian State with the support and collaboration of the international community; as well as the disarmament of Hamas and the normalization of relations between Israel and neighbouring Arab States, in order to guarantee collective security in the region.

“Even more urgent is the response to the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip. After the situation of famine and genocide in the region was officially declared, we must waste no more time on terminology, despite the clarity of the reports. The world demands the immediate unblocking of large-scale humanitarian operations and the guarantee of security and respect for human dignity in the delivery of international assistance.

“We are, however, deeply concerned by the intensification of Israel’s military offensive in Gaza in the wake of peace efforts made here in New York in recent weeks. Faced with the humanitarian catastrophe, where famine already exists, the consequences will be devastating and irreversible for the civilian population. We reiterate the urgent need to reform this Organization and its Security Council, which continue to prevent us from upholding the founding principles of the United Nations and from saving Gaza.”

War: “In Ukraine, we also witness the devastating consequences of unilateralism and the disregard for international law. The cost will be borne by all of us. Timor- Leste expresses its deep concern over the grave human rights violations and the humanitarian and environmental consequences of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, including ongoing attacks against essential infrastructure, which have caused devastating impacts on the civilian population, including women and children. We call on all parties to the conflict to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law, to spare civilians and civilian objects, to ensure the safety of all in accessing humanitarian relief, and to refrain from attacking and destroying items indispensable to civilian survival.”

Conflict: “We cannot ignore the many other theatres of violence and instability that weigh heavily on our common conscience - from the Sahel to the Horn of Africa, from the Great Lakes region to Haiti and Southeast Asia, right on our doorstep. Each of these crises carries its own history and complexity. Yet, they share a tragic pattern: the suffering of civilians, the erosion of trust in institutions, and the perpetuation of cycles of displacement and loss. Our collective responsibility is to ensure that none of these situations are consigned to silence or neglect. They demand not only humanitarian relief and respect for international law, but also the sustained investment of this Organization in prevention, dialogue and inclusive political solutions that restore hope and dignity to those who endure them.”

Togo
Mr. Robert Komlan Edo Dussey, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration, and Togolese Abroad
26 September 2025

Armed conflict: “My country is modernizing and looking confidently toward the future. But the efforts made to achieve this are not immune to the terrorist threats hanging over the Sahel and West Africa as a whole. I would like, in this solemn place, to pay tribute to all the victims, both civilian and military, who have made the ultimate sacrifice in this difficult struggle.”

Tonga
Mr. ʻAisake Valu Eke, Prime Minister
26 September 2025

No relevant references.

Tribindad and Tobago
Ms. Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime Minister
26 September 2025

Armed violence, small arms and light weapons: “Trinidad and Tobago confronts conflicts that seriously threaten our stability and peace. The notion that the Caribbean is a Zone of Peace has become a false ideal. The reality is stark—no such Peace exists today. For too many in our region, peace is not daily life but an elusive promise glimpsed, never grasped. In its absence, our citizens pay a terrible toll. In 2024, Trinidad and Tobago, a nation of 1.4 million, recorded 623 murders — forty-one per one hundred thousand — with over forty per cent gang-related, driven by narcotics and firearms. In the last 25 years, we have had over ten thousand murders, which is equivalent to losing 1% of our adult population. Across Latin America and the Caribbean, homicides range from twenty to more than sixty per one hundred thousand.”

Arms trafficking: “Because of the recent increased protections at the US southern border, Illegal migration of drug cartels and criminal gangs has been rerouted into the eastern Caribbean. It is driving increasing gang violence, drug, arms and human trafficking.”

Militarism: “Therefore, Trinidad and Tobago is particularly grateful for the US military presence in the southern Caribbean, which has been very effective in inhibiting the innumerable activities of drug cartels within our country. While there have been objections to the US military action against drug cartels from some countries, Trinidad and Tobago reminds the international community that, unless forceful and aggressive actions are taken, these evil drug cartels will continue their societal destruction because they believe affected nations will always unreservedly subscribe to morals and ethics which they themselves blatantly flout.”

War: “The global drug economy destabilises institutions, corrodes democracy, and undermines development. It is a war without borders, measured in murdered children, broken families, and stolen futures.”

Militarism: “As Member States consider the form of greater support, we urge the international community to support the US and Panama's proposed Gang suppression force to allow the deployment of a 5500-member force to subdue the gangs and restore order in Haiti…. despite being a small country with limited resources, we are committed to sharing the burden with the US, Panama and willing countries in assisting the Gang suppression force to bring some semblance of peace to Haiti.”

Tunisia
Mr. Mohamed Ali Nafti, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Migration and Tunisians abroad
27 September 2025

War: “The United Nations was established during the fiercest wars and crises to be, throughout the history of humanity, the voice of the collective conscience of peoples and that bastion that protects humanity from the horrors of conflicts and wars.”

War: “Let us take heed from the lessons of the past, and not from the distant past. Wars and conflicts have taught us, through human tragedies and serious violations, that the logic of power, no matter how tyrannical and oppressive, cannot break the will of peoples and their firm belief in their right to self-determination.”

War: “Which testifies to our belief in the capability of our organization and its global apparatus, today we are overwhelmed with a feeling of disappointment regarding a better future, and optimism for the coming generations in the face of frustration at the inability of the Security Council to put an end to the horrific humanitarian tragedy and the genocide and starvation that the Palestinian people are subjected to, in light of the insistence of the steadfast Palestinian people, in the face of the oppressive occupation's insistence on continuing to inflict harm upon them in full view and hearing of the entire world, without accountability or prosecution.

“It has become clear today, without a doubt, that the crimes of the occupation aim to liquidate the Palestinian cause and prevent the Palestinian people from their right to resist and maintain their land in its entirety. In this context, Tunisia condemns the occupying entity's announcement of its intention to completely reoccupy the Gaza Strip and push the Palestinian people to abandon their land.

“How can we establish the supremacy of the law and the primacy of the United Nations Charter, while the State of Palestine has not yet obtained its full membership, despite the fact that UN resolutions have recognized for decades its right to independence, full sovereignty, and self-determination without any external interference, while the occupying entity maintains its membership in the UN system despite its systematic and continuous violations of international law, and despite its transgressions against the work of the United Nations and its agencies and its protections in the occupied Palestinian territories.

“And while we appreciate the wave of international recognition of the State of Palestine, which today exceeds 150 states, hoping that this trend will contribute to supporting its full membership without delay or hesitation, it reminds us that this right is not created but rather revealed by international law, and that the recognition of states supports it. The truth is clear, and the right is evident.”

Armed conflicts: “From this standpoint, Tunisia reaffirms its commitment to the agenda of women, peace, and security, and the agenda of youth, peace, and security, believing that the participation of women and youth in efforts to prevent conflicts, resolve crises, and build peace is a necessary condition for achieving just, lasting peace and inclusive development.

“Mr. President, believing in the interconnected interests of the two brotherly peoples, Tunisia renews its firm position that the situation inside Libya does not justify any interference in the free choices of the Libyan people. The solution must be purely Libyan, and the Libyan people must be free from any external influence.

“Your Excellency, you are the sole authority to impose the solutions you deem appropriate with support from the United Nations. In the same context, we call for the necessity of preserving Syria's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, and we condemn violations of the integrity of its lands. We emphasize the need for collective international efforts to reject and find a political solution to the situation in Yemen, ending the suffering of this brotherly people and achieving peace for them.

“And Tunisia calls for the Sudanese parties to resort to dialogue and peaceful means to overcome the crisis, and to restore the nation and stability and put an end to the suffering of the Sudanese people from the scourge of war and division.

“Regarding the situation in the African continent, Tunisia emphasizes the necessity of addressing the causes of fragility faced by many countries in the continent, and calls for more concerted international and regional efforts to assist Africa in confronting various challenges and overcoming crises, and to push forward the paths of restoring stability and achieving peace, security, and development.”

Türkiye
Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President
23 September 2025

War: “At the outset of my speech, I would like to first express my regret at the absence today of the President of the State of Palestine, Mahmoud Abbas, at a time when Palestine is being recognized by an increasing number of countries. Today, I stand here on this podium, alongside my 86 million citizens, also for our Palestinian brothers and sisters, whose voices are being silenced.  I'd like to thank all the countries who announced that they recognize the state of Palestine, and I call on all the other countries who have not done so yet to do so to recognize the state of Palestine as soon as possible.”

War: “As we celebrate the 80th anniversary of the UN in this room, grave events are unfolding in many parts of the world that cast a shadow over the very first words of the UN charter's opening article. Particularly in Gaza, right before our very eyes, genocide has been going on for over 700 days now. Even as we gather here, as we speak now, Israel is currently massacring civilians in Gaza.  The number of civilian casualties in Gaza has surpassed 65,000. Unfortunately, the number of people who are still trapped under the rubble is not yet known, and more than 20,000 of those who died were children. For the last 20 months, a child has been murdered by Israel in Gaza every hour.  These are not just figures, dear friends. All of these, each one of these is a person, a human being, innocent people. People are now being killed, not with weapons, but with the weapon of starvation. In the 21th century, under the gaze of the civilized world, 428 people died of starvation. Out of those 428, 146 were children, and this number is increasing every day.”

War: “In a world where children are dying of starvation and lack of medication, can we possibly have calm and peace? We all are parents. We have children, or grandchildren, who we dearly cherish.  Here, in America or in Europe, anywhere in the world, when a small rose thorn hurts a child's hand, the hearts of parents break, but in Gaza, children's hands, arms, and legs are being amputated without anesthesia. Now, I'm extremely sorry to say, but this represents the lowest point of humanity. Human history has not witnessed such bloodshed within the last century.  All of this is happening before our very eyes. The genocide in Gaza is being broadcast live every moment through the media and social media. So far, Israel has deliberately killed 250 journalists working in national and international media in Gaza.  And they have closed all the entrance into Gaza, but they still have not been able to cover up the genocide. I wholeheartedly support Secretary General Guterres because he consistently draws attention to the ongoing genocide in Palestinian territories. And I would like to once again congratulate him for his courage. But the United Nations has not even been able to protect its own personnel in Gaza. Unfortunately, in Gaza, 500 people rushing to help others have been killed. Out of those 500, 36 were UN staff members.”

War, weapons: “We cannot possibly talk about the presence of two states in Gaza, because in Gaza, on one side, there is a regular army with the most modern, most lethal weapons, and on the other hand, there are innocent civilians, innocent children. This is not a fight against terrorism. This is an occupation, deportation, exile, genocide, and mass destruction policy carried out after the events of October 7th.”  

“Today, while Gaza is being destroyed under the pretext of Hamas, concurrently simultaneously, the West Bank, where Hamas is not in power, is also being occupied step by step, and innocent civilians are being massacred through executions. Moreover, Israel is not limiting itself to Gaza and the West Bank only. By launching attacks on Syria, on Iran, Yemen, and Leban, Iran, is also threatening regional peace.  Just recently, an Israeli attack took place against a delegation meeting in Qatar for Cisar negotiations. The attack on Qatar has also shown that the Israeli leadership is now completely out of control.”

Ceasefire: “We cannot continue with this madness anymore. We have to have a ceasefire in Gaza as soon as possible. Attacks should stop, humanitarian aid should be able to enter with no obstacles … From here, I would like to call on all the heads of state and government. Today is the day. Today is the day to stand firm alongside the oppressed Palestinians and alongside humanity.  While your peoples back home are reacting to the barbarity in Gaza, do show the courage to take action here. Fulfill your humanitarian duty toward Gaza, where children are raising children.”

Armed conflict: “Meanwhile, we have encouraged the parties from the very beginning to establish peace between Azerbaijan and Armenia. We are pleased that steps were taken on August 8th, steps that enabled the establishment or blasting peace between the two countries.”

Militarism: “In the coming period, we desire a new beginning and vision in Turkiye-European Union relations. This should not be a vision that just saves the day, but rather, a vision that redefines the horizon and shapes our shared future.  For this, it is, of course, important that the European Union is as willing and determined as we are. As a security provider, we continue to contribute to the operations and missions of the United Nations, NATO, OAC, and the European Union. The annual NATO Summit next year will be held in Turkey in Ankara. The USA, who is our NATO ally, our relations with them are continuing on trade investments, energy, defence industry, in addition to other many areas, and we are strengthening our relations with them.”

Ceasefire: “We are placed with the ceasefire achieved following the tensions last April between Pakistan and India, the tension which had escalated into a conflict. It is important to see a cooperation between the two countries when it comes to counterterrorism. The issue of Kashmir should be a result on the basis of resolutions of the UN for the best for our brothers and sisters and Kashmir through dialogue.”

Armed conflict: “In Sudan, the conflict that has been going on for over two years, saddened us deeply. Stopping the bloodshed in Sudan and establishing sustainable peace is the shared responsibility of the international community. And Turkiye's efforts in this direction will continue. The Great Lakes region has suffered greatly from years of ongoing instability and conflict.”

Armed conflict: “Our hope is that these conflicts in the East of the democratic Republic of the Congo will give way to lasting being and stability. We wholeheartedly support the efforts being carried out under the mediation of the US and visitation of Qatar. The increasing terrorist activities in West Africa, particularly in the Sahal basin, are also of great concern to us.”

Artificial intelligence: “One we grapple with geopolitical challenges, humanity is also witnessing an extraordinary leap forward in artificial intelligence, AI. The transformative power and the benefits offered by these technologies, no society should be deprived of these benefits. AI technologies should be used for the benefit of humanity, not as a new tool of domination.”

Turkmenistan
Mr. Serdar Berdimuhamedov, President
23 September 2025

Cyber: “Digital transformation is currently a priority on the development agenda. We are convinced that this process must be balanced, reRect the realities and legitimate interests of all states, including those in the developing world, and be free from politicization and bias. In this regard, Turkmenistan intends to initiate the creation of a Global Platform for Digital Integration based on the principles of equality, trust, and the inadmissibility of using information and communications technologies to the detriment of peace, security, and sustainable development.”

Tuvalu
Mr. Feleti Teo, Prime Minister
26 September 2025

Armed conflicts, militarism: “It is my hope that the urgency to address the existential threat of climate change and sea level rise would not be overshadowed by the ongoing geopolitical competition between the superpowers and the military conflicts around the globe.”

Uganda
Ms. Jessica Rose Epel Alupo, Vice-President
25 September 2025

Armed conflict: “Uganda continues to play an active role in advancing peace, stability, and security within our region e.g. Somalia, South Sudan, DRC, Sudan, etc. Uganda remains committed to the peaceful resolution of regional conflicts. We remain the largest troop contributor to the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) since 2007, which was succeeded by the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) and now the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM). As a country, we have invested both human and financial resources in promoting peace and stability unreservedly. These efforts require reliable and predictable funding. We therefore call on the International Community to commit adequate resources for peacebuilding and peacekeeping missions to ensure their sustainability, effectiveness and success.

“In South Sudan, Uganda continues to support the peace process as one of the guarantors of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), contributing to efforts aimed at restoring stability and unity in the Country.

“On the peace efforts in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda has been working with regional leaders on the Nairobi and Luanda processes aimed at finding a lasting solution. We also remain supportive of other complimentary efforts by the international community.

“We urge greater international support for regionally-led peacebuilding and stabilization initiatives, recognizing them as vital foundations for inclusive and sustainable development. We also call for enhanced global cooperation in tackling the root causes of conflict, including inequality, climate change, pandemics, new technologies, transnational crime, and terrorism.”

War: “On the question of Palestine, we urge the international community to give renewed priority to the realization of the internationally endorsed Two-State Solution. We appeal to the United Nations Security Council to play a decisive and just role in resolving the Palestinian issue, which is crucial for lasting peace in the Middle East and central to global peace and security.”

Ukraine
Mr. Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President
24 September 2025

Weapons, militarism: “Today, no one but ourselves can guarantee security. Only strong alliances. Only strong partners. And only our own weapons. The 21st century isn’t much different from the past. If a nation wants peace, it still has to work on weapons. It’s sick – but that’s the reality. Not international law, not cooperation – weapons decide who survives.

“You know perfectly well – international law doesn’t work fully unless you have powerful friends who are truly willing to stand-up for it. And even that doesn’t work without weapons. It’s terrible, but without it, things would be even worse. There are no security guarantees except friends and weapons.

“No Ukrainian chose this kind of reality. And knowing our people, they would have chosen a different priority. Ukrainians are peaceful people. But they are people who want to live – to live freely, in their own independent country. That’s why we invest in defense. For many nations, there is simply no other way left.

“Nations can speak about their pain from stages like this, but even during bloodshed there isn’t a single international institution that can truly stop it. That’s how weak these institutions have become.

“What can Sudan, or Somalia, or Palestine, or any other people living through war really expect from the UN or the global system? For decades, just statements. And even everything happening in Gaza, remains without a way-out.

“Even now, Syria – after all the changes – still has to appeal to the world to ease the sanctions that are choking its economy. It has to ask and wait. Syria deserves stronger support from the international community.

“And as Russia’s war against my country goes on, people are still dying every week. Yet there is no ceasefire – because Russia refuses. Russia abducted thousands of Ukrainian children. We’ve brought some of them back. And I thank everyone who’s helped. But how long will it take to bring all of them home? Childhood slips away faster than adults are able to help.

“Look at Israel. Nearly two years have passed, and hostages still haven’t been freed. They must be freed. But even that still hasn’t happened.”

Chemical weapons: “And for years, there have been no real answers to other threats either – chemical weapons, and famine used as a weapon.”

Nuclear energy: “Last year at this Assembly, I warned the world about the risk of radiation disasters – especially due to Russia’s occupation of our Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the biggest in Europe. But nothing has changed. And yesterday, the plant went into blackout again. Russia has not stopped shelling – even in areas near a nuclear facility. And because international institutions are too weak, this madness continues.”

Militarism, drones: “Even being part of a long-standing military alliance does not automatically mean you’re safe. Just recently, 19 simple Russian drones violated Polish airspace. Only 4 were shot down. Luckily, they weren’t Shaheds or worse. Otherwise, the results would’ve been horrific. Estonia had to call a UN Security Council meeting – for the first time in history – because Russian fighter-jets deliberately entered its airspace. Moldova is defending itself – again – from Russia’s interference. We are helping Moldova. And Russia’s trying to do to Moldova what Iran once did to Lebanon. And the global response? Again – not enough. We’ve already lost Georgia in Europe. Human rights and the European nature of the state-system are only shrinking there. Georgia is dependent on Russia. And for many years, Belarus has also been moving toward dependence on Russia. Europe cannot afford to lose Moldova too.”

Weapons, militarism: “The UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights must apply everywhere. But the Taliban in Afghanistan dragged a whole country back into the dark ages. Cartels in some Latin America countries are more powerful than the governments. This is all about the collapse of international law and the weakness of international institutions. And so, it’s about the rise of weapons. Weapons decide who survives.”

Small arms and light weapons, ammunition: “Yesterday, President Trump stood right here, in this hall. God saved him from a murder attempt during the campaign. A shot was fired from a rifle, and just a fraction of an inch saved his life. Just days ago, President – along with hundreds of thousands of Americans – honored the memory of Charlie Kirk. Sadly, his life was cut-short by a bullet – once again, violence with a rifle in hand.”

Weapons: “And almost every day, when we open the news, we see headlines about violent attacks happening all around the world. Most of it is done with weapons, people are already used to. But weapons are evolving faster than our ability to defend ourselves.”

Drones: “Now, there are tens of thousands of people who know how to professionally kill using drones. Stopping that kind of attack is harder than stopping any gun, knife, or bomb. This is what Russia has brought with its war. It used to be that only the strongest countries could use drones – because they were expensive and complex. Now, even simple drones can fly thousands of kilometers. War tech doesn’t care about geography anymore – it’s now reshaping it.

“Just recently, airports in Europe had to shut-down because of drones. Authorities couldn’t even say what kind of drones they were, who sent them, or from where. Last week, North Korea announced the test of a tactical strike drone. That means – even countries with limited resources can now build weapons that are dangerous to their neighbors. Ukraine – and nations like Saudi Arabia – know all too well how dangerous Iranian attack drones are. But what happens when all the types of drones become available even to small terrorist groups or cartels? The world moves too slowly to protect itself. And weapons move fast.”

Drones, autonomous weapons, artificial intelligence: “Now companies are already working on drones that can shoot down other drones. And it’s only a matter of time – and not much – before drones are fighting drones, attacking critical infrastructure, and targeting people – all by themselves, fully autonomous, and no human involved – except the few who control AI systems.”

Arms race, autonomous weapons, artificial intelligence, nuclear weapons: “We are now living through the most destructive arms race in human history – because this time, it includes artificial intelligence. And if there are no real security guarantees – except friends and weapons, and if the world can’t respond even to old threats, and if there’s no strong platform for international security – will there be any place left on Earth that’s still safe for people? We need global rules – now! – for how AI can be used in weapons. This is just as urgent as preventing the spread of nuclear weapons.”

War, drones, nuclear weapons, artificial intelligence: “We need to restore international cooperation – real, working cooperation – for peace and security. A few years from now might already be too late. 10 years ago, war looked different. No one imagined that cheap drones could create “dead zones”, areas stretching for dozens of kilometers where nothing moves, no vehicles, no life. People used to imagine that only after a nuclear strike, now it’s drone reality. Mass-produced, simple drones, and without AI – yet.”

Missiles: “Ukraine does not have the “big, fat” missiles dictators love to show-off in parades. But we do have drones that can fly up to 2,000-3,000 kilometers. We had no choice but to build them – to protect our right to life.”

Militarism, drones, weapons, war: “Control over the sea used to depend on having a big navy. Ukraine doesn’t have a big fleet. But we succeeded in the Black Sea – we pushed what’s left of the Russian navy into remote bays. And we did it with sea drones. That’s how we protect our ports and maritime trade routes – because Russia has left us no other choice. And our “Spider Web” operation when cheap drones destroyed or damaged dozens of expensive Russian strategic bombers – became a real example for special forces around the world of what new weapons can do to old systems. These very Russian bombers attacked our cities. And none of this would have happened if Putin hadn’t started this full-scale war. And every year that this war goes on, weapons become even more deadly. And only Russia deserves to be blamed for this.”

Drones, missiles, military spending: “To protect lives, Ukraine builds underground schools and underground hospitals. To protect lives, we have to spend more on protecting power-stations from drone and missile attacks than on building sports facilities or cultural infrastructure. Ukrainian farmers are learning how to protect their equipment from Russia’s FPV drone strikes, and for them – that challenge is far-greater than climate change.”

War, arms race, nuclear weapons, military spending: “Russia’s war has put us in this situation. But do you have protection against similar threats? The facts are simple: stopping this war now – and with it, the global arms race – is cheaper than building underground kindergartens or massive bunkers for critical infrastructure later. Stopping Putin now is cheaper than trying to protect every port and every ship from terrorists with sea drones. Stopping Russia now is cheaper than wondering who will be the first to create a simple drone carrying a nuclear warhead.”

War, militarism, drones: “So, we must use everything we have – together – to force the aggressor to stop. And only then do we have a real chance that this arms race won’t end in catastrophe for all of us. If it takes weapons to do it, if it takes pressure on Russia – then it must be done. And it must be done now. Otherwise, Putin will keep driving the war forward – wider and deeper. We told you before – Ukraine is only the first. And now, Russian drones are already flying across Europe. Russian operations are already spreading across countries. Putin wants to continue this war by expanding it. And no one can feel safe right now.”

Weapons, militarism: “So first, we are now building new security architecture for ourselves. More than 30 countries are already part of our Coalition. We are strengthening army, launching joint weapons production with partners, and defining financial commitments for defense – in a way that could become a security model for any other nation. If security guarantees work for Ukraine – something more than just friends and weapons – it will mean that people were able to make national security not a privilege for a few nations, but a right for everyone.”

Weapons, militarism, arms trade, arms race: “Second, we’re ready to make our modern weapons become your modern weapons. We’ve decided to open-up arms exports. These are powerful systems – tested in a real war, when every international institution failed. We are also ready to grow our defense production together with strong partners so that their protection is modern and reliable. You don’t need to start this race from scratch – we are ready to share what has already proven itself in real defense.”

War: “And third, many in the world still feel relaxed. But look at how many countries are here, at this General Assembly – countries that are at war, or just came-out of war, or are trying to stop one… Or openly getting ready for one. War has already reached too many people to pretend it has nothing to do with you. So, it depends on you – whether you help peace or continue trading with Russia and helping Russia to fund this war. It depends on you – whether prisoners of war will be freed, whether abducted children will come home, whether hostages will be free. It depends on you – what will define existence: war, like now, or our joint strong actions, as it should be? ... So, don’t stay silent while Russia keeps dragging this war-on – please, speak out and condemn it.”

United Arab Emirates
Ms. Lana Nusseibeh, Minister for Foreign Affairs
27 September 2025

Armed conflict: “Today, we once again face a pivotal moment. Today, the world is marked by turmoil, conflict, and humanitarian crises. Threats to state sovereignty, proliferation risks and extremist ideologies persist, undermining the foundations of stability and development.”

Armed conflict: “My country has also championed genuine humanitarian diplomacy, aimed at preserving the dignity of individuals in the most difficult circumstances. We have sought to bridge divides; facilitating the exchange of thousands of prisoners between Russia and Ukraine, hosting peace talks between Azerbaijan and Armenia, and undertaking efforts to de-escalate tensions in South Asia and beyond. In the face of these global challenges, the United Arab Emirates remains committed to diplomacy, peaceful solutions, and dialogue. Our aim is not simply to manage conflicts but to resolve them sustainably. The urgent need for this approach is clear around the world, whether in the Gaza Strip, Ukraine, Sudan, Yemen, Libya, or the Sahel.”

Armed conflict: “There is no doubt that what we are witnessing today in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is not only a result of, but serves extremists and warmongers efforts, who seek to undermine the path to a peaceful resolution. Nothing can justify targeting tens of thousands of civilians, or besieging, starving and forcibly displacing hundreds of thousands; nor can anything excuse the pursuit of unacceptable expansionist ambitions, including the threat of annexing the West Bank. Similarly, there is no justification for the taking of hostages or the targeting of civilians in conflict. International law, including international humanitarian law, must be respected.

“This situation also cannot serve as an excuse to attack countries in the region. Israel’s treacherous and reprehensible attack against the State of Qatar constituted a flagrant violation of its territorial integrity and of the security of the Arabian Gulf region, as well as a breach of the most fundamental principles of international law. Aggression will not bring stability to the region.

“My country has always believed in the centrality of the two-State solution and the realization of an independent, sovereign Palestinian State, with East Jerusalem as its capital, living side by side with the State of Israel, in security, peace and prosperity. This is a fundamental requirement for achieving a permanent, just, and comprehensive solution to this issue – with a Palestinian State capable of fulfilling the aspirations of the Palestinian people, restricting the use of weapons, and ensuring security, stability, and the rule of law, with no place for terrorist and extremist groups.

“My country welcomes the growing recognition of the State of Palestine. We invite others to follow this approach as an investment in a better future for the region. Our first and most urgent demands remain an immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza, ending the siege on Gaza, releasing the hostages and detainees, and urgent, unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid at-scale. The UAE continues its role as the largest donor of aid to Gaza, mobilising all its relations, resources, and capabilities to this end. We will continue to deliver aid to those most in need, despite restrictions and obstacles.”

Armed conflict: “The brutal scene unfolding in Gaza is not the only crisis engulfing our region. In Sudan, people are experiencing immense human suffering and famine. My country stands with the Sudanese people, supporting their aspirations to end this civil war and its profound humanitarian consequences. We underscore the importance of the statement by the Quad on Sudan and the call for a humanitarian truce. We stress the importance of reaching an immediate ceasefire and ensuring unhindered access for humanitarian aid throughout the country. Sustainable peace cannot be achieved through military solutions. A transitional process must be pursued in Sudan, leading to an independent civilian government, one that is not controlled by any of the warring parties, and which denies space to extremism and terrorism.”

Artificial intelligence: “In the fields of science, technology, and Artificial Intelligence, my country has sought to harness these tools to advance sustainable development around the world. We support countries to build their technological capacities, while respecting their national values and priorities, and ensuring the responsible and ethical use of these technologies in accordance with international law.”

United Kingdom
Mr. David Lammy, Deputy Prime Minister
25 September 2025

Armed conflict, ceasefire: “This is why I want to address directly the Israeli-Palestinian tragedy. What is happening in Gaza is indefensible. It is inhumane. It is utterly unjustifiable. And it must end now. The people of Palestine, whose state we proudly recognised this week, and the people of Israel, deserve better. Better than the horrific acts by Hamas on October 7th that left children without their parents, and parents without their children. Better than the torment of families waiting desperately for the return of their loved ones from the most barbaric captivity. Better than the fanatical rule by Hamas, a vile, pitiless terrorist organisation that must have no future in Gaza. Better than Israel’s denial of life-saving humanitarian aid and the catastrophic famine that it has caused. As Israel escalates its military operations and displaces Palestinian families, again and again and again. There can be no answer to these horrors but concerted diplomatic action. To keep the hope of peace alive as we work with leaders from across the region and beyond. In support of the US’s efforts to build a consensus around a durable plan for peace. We commend the momentum achieved by the United States, Arab and Muslim States. Annexation must be prevented, a process for peace advanced and this terrible, terrible war ended. There can be no answer except for the hostages out, now. Aid in, now. And a ceasefire, now. And I vow to you that we will not rest until this day has come. And there are two states living side by side in peace and security.”

War: “Friends, we stand with Palestine because we believe in the values of the UN Charter. In equal rights, self-determination, and the dignity of all peoples. We stand with Ukraine because we must defend the core values of the UN Charter. Sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the respect for international law. And because the world will suffer if aggression is allowed to pay. We must all strive for a just and lasting peace in Ukraine, which maintains the integrity of our UN Charter and sees Ukraine emerge from Russia’s brutal war as a sovereign, secure, and independent nation. President Zelenskyy has shown his commitment to that peace at every turn, while President Putin savagely rains down ever more missiles and drones on the Ukrainian people. Our message to Ukraine is clear: We will stand with you today, tomorrow, and one hundred years from now.”

Armed conflict: “We also stand with the people of Sudan, because we never forget the values of the UN Charter. Of human rights and the pursuit of peace, for all men and women. This is a conflict waged against Sudan’s civilian population. Millions displaced, more facing famine. As I speak, the long-besieged city of El Fasher is falling. Its people facing unspeakable atrocities. The people of El Fasher, and all across Sudan, need the international community to come together. To make renewed efforts to achieve peace. And allow aid to reach those who desperately need it now.”

Artificial intelligence: “And to live today through the technological revolution, as we are, it is to witness the coming of the internet, the spread of smartphones, and now, the dawn of super-powerful AI. This is a lightning strike of change. A technological revolution which our leading scientists think could only be compared to the Industrial Revolution, compressed into a decade. This is a moment of truth, for us, our institutions, and our ability to work together, and I believe we must act. I see promise on this technological frontier. AI is the most powerful new lever we have to advance the Charter’s vision of social progress and better standards of life. This is why it is at the very heart of my own country’s growth plan.

“I believe that by embracing artificial intelligence, we can all build better businesses, we can better fight crime. Look for example at dirty money. By spotting fraud in real time, we can crack down on illicit finance, a fight we will lead at a UK-hosted summit next year. And AI is not hypothetically making lives better; it is already saving them. At Imperial College, a new AI stethoscope detects major heart conditions in seconds, in our National Health Service, AI mammogram trials double the speed of diagnosis, and AI research tools are unlocking new drug combos to fight cancer. On the horizon, the promise of fusion power, powering limitless servers through quantum computing, enabling ever stronger AI, could unleash ever more advanced biotech. This is the defining opportunity of our generation. And we must run towards it, with hope.

“I believe in this promise. I believe in our UN values. Which is why this promise must now be shared. We are witnessing a truly historic surge in investment in AI. This investment promises outstanding productivity gains, and with it, growth of historic proportions. Yet while this promise may well be diffuse, for now it remains concentrated. But there is not just possibility on the technological frontier, there are profound challenges as well. As AI is being used to consolidate repression, fuel disinformation, empower criminals. Across the internet, authoritarian states, notably Russia, are manipulating large-scale language models so that chatbots answer in the voice of their propaganda across the world. Organised crime is using AI to supercharge their scams, deceiving victims on an unprecedented scale. This is the truth. AI can empower freedom, or it can entrench repression. AI can empower truth, or it can entrench lies. AI can empower law, or it can empower crime. Only by cooperation together can we set artificial intelligence on the right millennia-defining course.

“So my question is this. How can we most effectively share the glittering prizes of this new era across our global community? Well this is how. We must invest, invest, invest. We must partner, partner, partner. Because without a concerted effort, we risk a world of ever deeper inequality, where the benefits of this technology fail to reach those who need it the most. That revolution in health care, that revolution in education, that revolution in opportunity, this we must share. This is the world we face. And we take it and its challenges as it is. But never lose sight of the world as it could be.

“This is why our approach to foreign policy is one of progressive realism, patiently advancing progress through pragmatism and persistence. I see this in the United Nations as it approaches the technological frontier. I salute the Secretary-General for championing the Global Digital Compact, which embodies both progress and realism. And this is why I commend the new Independent International Scientific Panel on AI, which will provide evidence-based assessments to all. And I welcome the new Global Dialogue on AI Governance. It is in this spirit of progressive realism that the UK champions AI as a bridge builder across the Atlantic, across the Commonwealth, and across continents. Seeking everywhere to share its extraordinary potential. This is why we invest so heavily in the AI Security Institute with more dedicated researchers than anywhere else in the world. And this is why we launched OpenBind and its gigantic dataset. And this is why we champion AI for Development. Working with ten African partners, creating AI ecosystems that empower thousands of communities to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. And this drives our Digital Access programmes, which seeks to narrow the technological divide for millions. I have seen this happening with my own eyes. I have been so moved to see in Africa, the continent of my ancestors, the young entrepreneurs using artificial intelligence to launch and scale so many businesses that I know will astonish the world. Like the UK-funded start-up, Vinsighte, supported by our Assistive Technologies Programme, which is using its AI-powered app to help thousands of blind Nigerian students read, learn and live more independently. This is the promise of tech. The promise of growth. The promise of a better world. A better tomorrow turns on one pivotal question. Can we seize the potential in the technological revolution? Can we commit to forging AI as a force for freedom, prosperity, and human dignity? I believe we can, together. And together, we must.”

United States of America
Mr. Donald Trump, President
23 September 2025

[Unofficial transcript]

Guns, war, militarism: “Six years have passed since I last stood in this grand hall and addressed a world that was prosperous and at peace in my first term. Since that day, the guns of war have shattered the peace I forged on two continents. An era of calm and stability gave way to one of the great crises of our time. And here in the United States, four years of weakness, lawlessness and radicalism under the last administration delivered our nation into a repeated set of disasters. One year ago our country was in deep trouble. But today, just eight months into my administration, we are the hottest country anywhere in the world. And there is no other country even close. America is blessed with the strongest economy, the strongest borders, the strongest military, the strongest friendships, and the strongest spirit of any nation on the face of the earth. This is indeed the Golden Age of America.”

Military spending: “At the NATO summit in June, virtually all NATO members formally committed to increased defense spending at my request from 2% to 5% of GDP, making our alliance far stronger and more powerful than it was ever before.”

War: “In a period of just seven months, I have ended seven unendable wars. [...] And sadly, in all cases, the United Nations did not even try to help in any of them. I ended seven wars, dealt with the leaders of each and every one of these countries, and never even received a phone call from the United Nations offering to help in finalizing the deal. All I got from the United Nations was an escalator that on the way up stopped right in the middle. If the First Lady wasn't in great shape, she would've fallen. But she's in great shape.We're both in good shape, we both stood. And then a teleprompter that didn't work. These are the two things I got from the United Nations, a bad escalator and a bad teleprompter. Thank you very much.”

Nuclear weapons, explosive weapons, war: “A dramatically better future is within our reach, but to get there, we must reject the failed approaches of the past and work together to confront some of the greatest threats in history. There is no more serious danger to our planet today than the most powerful and destructive weapons ever devised by man of which the United States, as you know, has many. Just as I did in my first term, I've made containing these threats a top priority, starting with the nation of Iran. My position is very simple, the world's number one sponsor of terror can never be allowed to possess the most dangerous weapon. That's why shortly after taking office, I sent the so-called Supreme Leader a letter making a generous offer. I extended a pledge of full cooperation in exchange for a suspension of Iran's nuclear program. The regime's answer was to continue their constant threats to their neighbors and US interests throughout the region and some great countries that are right nearby. Today, many of Iran's former military commanders, in fact, I can say almost all of them are no longer with us, they're dead. And three months ago in Operation Midnight Hammer seven American B-2 bombers dropped the 14 30,000 pound each bombs on Iran's key nuclear facility, totally obliterating everything. No other country on earth could have done what we did. No other country has the equipment to do what we did. We have the greatest weapons on earth. We hate to use them, but we did something that for 22 years people wanted to do. With Iran's nuclear enrichment capacity demolished, I immediately brokered an end to the 12-day war, as it's called, between Israel and Iran, with both sides agreeing to fight no longer.”

Ceasefire: “As everyone knows, I have also been deeply engaged in seeking a ceasefire in Gaza, we have to get that done, have to get it done. Unfortunately, Hamas has repeatedly rejected reasonable offers to make peace, and we can't forget October 7th, can we? Now, as if to encourage continued conflict, some of this body is seeking to unilaterally recognize a Palestinian state. The rewards would be too great for Hamas terrorists for their atrocities. This would be a reward for these horrible atrocities, including October 7th, even while they refuse to release the hostages or accept a ceasefire instead of giving to Hamas and giving so much because they've taken so much, they have taken so much, this could have been solved so long ago, but instead of giving in to Hamas ransom demands, those who want peace should be united with one message, release the hostages now. Just release the hostages now.”

War, rockets, drones: “I've also been working relentlessly stopping the killing in Ukraine. I thought that would be, of the seven wars that I stopped, I thought that would be the easiest because of my relationship with President Putin, which had always been a good one. I thought that was going to be the easiest one. But in war, you never know what's going to happen. There are always lots of surprises, both good and bad. Everyone thought Russia would win this war in three days, but it didn't work out that way. It was supposed to be just a quick little skirmish. It's not making Russia look good, it's making them look bad.
No matter what happens from here on out, this was something that should have taken a matter of days, certainly less than a week, and they've been fighting for three and a half years and killing anywhere from 5 to 7,000, young soldiers, mostly, mostly soldiers on both sides, every single week from 5 to 7,000 dead young people. And some in cities, much smaller numbers where rockets are shot, where drones are dropped. This war would never have started if I were president.”

Biological weapons, nuclear weapons: “As we seek to reduce the threat of dangerous weapons today. I'm also calling on every nation to join us in ending the development of biological weapons once and for all, and biological is terrible and nuclear is even beyond, and we include nuclear in that. We want to have a cessation of the development of nuclear weapons. We know and I know and I get to view it all the time, "Sir, would you like to see?" And I look at weapons that are so powerful that we just can't ever use them. If we ever use them, the world literally might come to an end. There would be no United Nations to be talking about. There would be no nothing.”

Biological weapons, AI: “Just a few years ago, reckless experiments overseas gave us a devastating global pandemic, yet despite that worldwide catastrophe, many countries are continuing extremely risky research into bio-weapons and man-made pathogens. This is unbelievably dangerous. To prevent potential disasters I'm announcing today that my administration will lead a international effort to enforce biological weapons convention, which is going to be meeting with the top leaders of the world by pioneering an AI verification system that everyone can trust. Hopefully the UN can play a constructive role and it will also go, be one of the early projects under AI. Let's see how good it is because a lot of people saying it could be one of the great things ever, but it also can be dangerous, but it could be put to tremendous use and tremendous good, and this would be an example of that.”

Militarism: “For this reason, we've recently begun using the supreme power of the United States military to destroy Venezuelan terrorists and trafficking networks led by Nicolas Maduro to every terrorist thug smuggling poisonous drugs into the United States of America. Please be warned that we will blow you out of existence. That's what we're doing. We have no choice. Can't let it happen. I believe we lost 300,000 people last year to drugs. 300,000. Fentanyl and other drugs. Each boat that we sink carries drugs that would kill more than 25,000 Americans. We will not let that happen.”

Nuclear energy: “Europe on the other hand, is a long way to go with many countries being on the brink of destruction because of the green energy agenda. And I give a lot of credit to Germany. Germany was being led down a very sick path both on immigration and on energy. They were going green and they were going bankrupt. And the new leadership,came in and they went back to where they were with fossil fuel and with nuclear, which is good, it's now safe and you can do it properly. But they went back to where they were and they opened up a lot of different plants, energy plants, energy-producing plants, and they're doing well. I give Germany a lot of credit for that. They've said, ‘This is a disaster. What's happening?’ They were going all green. All green is all bankrupt. That's what it represents.”

Nuclear weapons: “In 1982, the executive director of the United Nations Environmental Program predicted that by the year 2000, climate change would cause a global catastrophe. He said that it will be irreversible as any nuclear holocaust would be. This is what they said at the United Nations. What happened? Here we are. Another UN official stated in 1989 that within a decade, entire nations could be wiped off the map by global warming. Not happening.”

Uruguay
Mr. Yamandú Orsi, President
23 September 2025

Armed conflict, military spending: “To illustrate this, it suffices to mention a few facts: according to the 2025 Global Peace Index, there were 59 interstate conflicts in 2023, the highest number since the end of the Second World War. By 2024, global military spending had increased by almost 10% in real terms compared to 2023, representing the largest annual increase since the end of the Cold War. We are talking about military spending of 2.7 trillion dollars. But it is not just a question of increased conflict between nations, nor of rapidly growing military spending to sustain it; it is also about the new forms of cruelty and death that today's wars are taking on. We know that, since the very birth of civilisations, the absence of violence or the absence of war is perhaps a pipe dream.”

Armed conflict: “In this regard, the Uruguayan Government takes very seriously the reports produced by the international community on the Palestinian territories, and we urge the implementation of the recommendations made by the UN. We also urge the immediate suspension of military operations, the cessation of the killing of innocent civilians, and the release of hostages.”

Uzbekistan
Mr. Shavkat Mirziyoyev, President
23 September 2025

Armed conflict: “At the same time, we cannot turn a blind eye to the deeply worsening humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip. We call for an immediate cessation of hostilities and the continuation of political negotiations. In line with the UN resolutions, we remain steadfast supporters of the “two state solution” principle. We are also deeply concerned by the situation around Ukraine. We welcome the start of high-level dialogue aimed at resolving this crisis through diplomatic means.”

Artificial intelligence: “It is of great importance to prevent inequalities in digital development and the use of artificial intelligence between countries. We propose to create an International Cooperation Mechanism aimed at the gratis exchange of practical solutions and models of artificial intelligence in healthcare, education, and culture.”

Vanuatu
Mr. Odo Tevi, Permanent Representative to the United Nations
29 September 2025

War: "Since the set-up of the United Nations 80 years ago, we have seen that the world continues to face a myriad of complex challenges —there are ongoing wars and violent conflicts, increased humanitarian emergencies, international laws are not respected, human rights violations increased, and poverty continues to remain. The current liquidity crisis facing the United Nations System limits the ability of the UN to address these challenges. As we celebrate the 80th Anniversary of the United Nations Charter, let us take stock of what this founding document really means for us. The Charter is not merely a piece of history. It is a living document that binds us together in the pursuit of peace, human dignity, and shared prosperity. It is the expression of a collective promise: that disputes should be resolved by dialogue, not by war; that human rights and dignity are universal; and that nations, large and small, are equal in sovereignty.”

Venezuela
Mr. Yvan Gil Pinto, Minister of the People's Power for Foreign Affairs
29 September 2025

War: “It is also well known and widely documented that they [United States] have waged war against us in every way possible, committing criminal aggression against Venezuela over the last decade in order to seize its natural resources and bring about “regime change.”

Drones, militarisation: “There have been countless attacks against Venezuela in recent years: acts of destabilization and conspiracies, including an assassination attempt using drones; economic warfare, the cruelest expression of which is the 1,042 sanctions that are being criminally applied against our oil industry and the nation's productive sectors, as well as several mercenary incursions.

“Added to all this is now an absolutely illegal and totally immoral military threat that violates the UN Charter, Venezuela's rights as a sovereign state, and even the laws of the United States itself.”

Explosive weapons: “In these early decades of the 21st century, we have heard the false and vulgar justifications for invading our sister country Iraq, we have witnessed the bombing and destruction of Libya, and the 20-year invasion of Afghanistan.The aggression of global powers has not ceased for a moment. And so, recently, we saw the treacherous and criminal bombing of the peaceful Islamic Republic of Iran. Today, the aggression is aimed at Venezuela, a peaceful and supportive country.”

Weapons of mass destruction, nuclear weapons, militarism: “Since Venezuela cannot be accused of possessing weapons of mass destruction or nuclear weapons, today they invent vulgar and perverse lies that no one believes—neither in the United States nor in the world—to justify an atrocious, extravagant, and immoral million-dollar military threat. For this reason, we once again thank world public opinion and that of the United States, the governments and peoples of the world for denouncing this attempt to bring war to the Caribbean and South America in order to bring about a “regime change” that will allow them to steal Venezuela's incalculable oil and gas wealth.”

Wars: “It is widely known that the people of the United States have repeatedly voted for governments that promised to make peace and end endless wars. They promised to devote themselves to solving their internal problems: poverty, the epidemic of addiction, unemployment, and the inequality that characterizes American society today. And we see how, time and again, the noble American people are let down.”

War: “We stand in solidarity with the heroic people of Palestine and demand an end to the genocide perpetrated by the Zionist regime of Israel. We condemn the attacks against the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Iran.”

Viet Nam
Mr. Luong Cuong, President
23 September 2025

Militarism, war: “Over the past 80 years, in spite ofa multitude of challenges, the UN has stood as the embodiment of humanity’s aspirations and collective commitment to peace, cooperation, and development, grounded in the universal values of human rights, national independence, equality, democracy, and social progress. Multilateral cooperation has brought forth remarkable achievements, especially in preventing wars, fostering peace and cooperation, building friendships, reducing poverty and curbing diseases, improving living standards, and advancing science and technology at an unprecedented pace.

“Yet today, we find ourselves in a profoundly changing world, facing unprecedented acute challenges. Local wars, conflicts, arms races, and the use or threat of force in international relations are escalating at an alarming rate. Non-traditional security challenges are exerting heavy tolls on all countries and communities. The global governance, trading and economic systems are becoming fragmented and volatile. Multilateralism itself is under strain from strategic rivalry among major powers, unilateralism, and a sharp decline in political will and necessary resources.”

Militarism, ceasefire, peace: “First, honouring the value of peace requires concrete actions, rather than just words:

“1. We must reaffirm the role and primacy of international law as the cornerstone for peace and equal relations among nations. All countries should clearly demonstrate their responsibility towards upholding international law and the UN Charter, and respecting such principles as independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, non-interference, non-use or threat of force, and peaceful settlement of disputes.

“Viet Nam welcomes recent efforts to achieve peace and reconciliation, which have yielded important results in many regions, such as the peace agreements between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and between Armenia and Azerbaijan. We value and support all diplomatic efforts and hope they will lead to peaceful solutions to regional and global security issues.

“2. We must nurture and practice a culture of peace by building trust, enhancing international cooperation and solidarity, promoting dialogue, listening and understanding, respecting differences, and cultivating friendship among nations. On this occasion, Viet Nam calls for ceasefires and an end to all acts of violence, protection of civilians, and facilitation of humanitarian access in conflict zones. Viet Nam welcomes the recent recognition of the State of Palestine by more countries, and urges the international community to act swiftly to end the humanitarian crisis faced by the Palestinian people. We also reaffirm our solidarity with the State and people of Cuba, and call upon the United States to lift its embargoes against Cuba and remove Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism.

“3. We must further promote the role of regional organizations in promoting peace, cooperation, and development. International efforts for peace and development will be truly effective when driven by regional organizations in line with particularities of each region and country. As an active ASEAN Member State, Viet Nam is proud of ASEAN’s growing strength and its centrality in the Asia-Pacific’s security and development architecture. Most recently, ASEAN contributed to the ceasefire agreement between Cambodia and Thailand. We are committed to upholding ASEAN’s core values of solidarity, consensus, and unity in diversity, building a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable ASEAN Community, and effectively implementing the Five-point Consensus on Myanmar. We shall also strive to maintain peace, stability, security, safety, and freedom of navigation in the South China Sea in accordance with international law, particularly UNCLOS 1982, while fully implementing the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties (DOC), and working to finalize the Code of Conduct (COC) in the area.”

Nuclear weapons, cyber: “Viet Nam is actively preparing to assume the Presidency of the 11th Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 2026, and looks forward to the valuable support of Member States for our candidacies to the UN Human Rights Council for the 2026 - 2028 term, and to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea for the 2026 - 2036 term. We particularly look forward to welcoming all of you to Ha Noi on 25 October for the Signing Ceremony of the UN Convention against Cybercrime.”

Yemen
Mr. Rashad Mohammed Al-Alimi, President of the Presidential Leadership Council
25 September 2025

War: “In the framework of this institution that came on the ruins of a horrific war, humanity pledged eight decades ago not to leave a people alone in the face of tyranny, chaos, or famine, without support from the international community. You pledged and we pledged together, that this institution would be a guardian of human dignity, and the right of peoples to live in dignity, security, development, and peace. And today, after all those years, we bring you the same fateful question from the Yemeni people about whether those values are still alive or not? And what does it mean for our country to be left hostage to the project of the Iranian expansionist regime, and its militias that use hunger as a weapon, religion as a tool, and maritime routes as a means of extortion? What does it mean for this ancient country to turn into one of the most dangerous hotspots of cross-border terrorism in the world?”

Missiles, drones, mines, cluster munitions: “Ladies and gentlemen, Yemen today is not just an internal crisis, but has become a test of the credibility of the international system. After more than a decade since the Houthi militias' coup against the national consensus with the support of the Iranian regime, our people are experiencing one of the largest humanitarian crises and facing security threats that extend beyond its borders to the region and the entire world. The Houthi militias are no longer just a rebellious group in a remote area of the country, but a global terrorist organization, armed with an advanced Iranian arsenal, from ballistic missiles to drones, explosive boats, naval mines, cluster munitions, and other internationally banned weapons.”

Weapons, war: “Above that, this group supports the smuggling networks of drugs, Captagon, and the localization of new technologies in jamming, communications, and guidance, in its quest to turn Yemen into a laboratory for testing the weapons of its supporters. These are not just tools of war, but a project to redraw the map of Iranian influence in the region.”

Militarism: “Therefore, ladies and gentlemen, the past years have proven that the policy of "managing the conflict" through more incentives has brought nothing but more chaos and destruction, and the policy of containment has given the Houthi militias the time and resources to expand their arsenal. When the United Nations failed to protect its kidnapped employees in Sana'a, or to protect the oil facilities and shipping vessels, it became clear that the sought-after peace cannot be begged for, but must be imposed by force.”

War: “At the heart of this region comes the Palestinian issue, as it is the bleeding wound in the conscience of humanity, and the central issue of the Arabs. It is witnessing today a historical transformation through the overwhelming recognition of its independent state, in which we do not forget amidst it to express great appreciation to the brothers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for their commendable efforts with the French partners in securing these unprecedented political gains. We also renew from this platform our full support for the Palestinian National Authority, and the two-state solution, in accordance with the decisions of international legitimacy and the Arab peace initiative, and we call on the rest of the member states to recognize it, and to side with the right of its people and their dignity.”

Zambia
Mr. Mulambo Haimbe, Minister of Foreign Affairs
29 September 2025

Armed conflict: “Over the past eight decades, the United Nations has been the cornerstone of global peace, security and cooperation. It has helped prevent major conflicts, advanced decolonization, supported peacekeeping missions and played a leading role in advancing global action in public health, education and humanitarian relief that have saved countless lives.”

Armed conflict: “We recognize, however, that the UN has been slow to react to some of the conflict situations which has led to serious humanitarian crises.”

Armed conflict: Further, we have witnessed how challenges such as ongoing conflict situations, climate shocks and the pandemic have negatively impacted the global economy. It is, therefore, clear that a short period of war or crisis can erase decades of development gains. We, therefore, categorically condemn war and aggression and urge all parties in conflict to choose diplomacy over violence. Allow me to re-echo President Hakainde Hichilema’s constant reminder to the world that “instability anywhere is instability everywhere!” Zambia therefore remains an advocate for peace, human rights, good governance and inclusive development for a strengthened multilateral system. Further, we remain committed to the principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter.”

Small arms and light weapons: “Here at the United Nations, we as African Nations count on the continued support of the international community in initiatives to “silence the guns” in Africa and resolve conflicts worldwide, for a more secure world.”

War: “Eighty years ago, the world emerged from war with a promise to never again allow division and destruction to define our collective future. That promise is being tested today.”

Zimbabwe
Mr. Amon Murwira, Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Trade
26 September 2025

War: “This 80th anniversary of the signing of the UN Charter is a timely opportunity for us to reflect upon the journey of the past eight decades. The resolve of the 50 nations that gathered in San Francisco in 1945 was to save the world from the scourge of war and conflict. Today, 193 nations are here to bear witness that, since then, the United Nations has endured as the legitimate multilateral institution to address issues of global interest and concern.”

Armed conflict: “Yet, we commemorate this milestone at a time of profound uncertainty, when the world is confronted by escalating conflicts, economic slowdowns, increasing poverty and widening inequality, humanitarian tragedies, and the vagaries of climate change.”

Armed conflicts: “Madam President, Zimbabwe underscores the importance of enhanced cooperation between the Security Council and regional organisations, such as the African Union, to address the root causes of conflicts. We believe that sustainable peace cannot be achieved without advancing the Women, Peace and Security, and Youth, Peace and Security agendas, recognising women and youth as indispensable partners in building lasting peace.”

War, armed conflict: “In our Region, the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), we emphasise inclusive peace processes. We stand by the principle that peace is not merely the absence of war, but the presence of justice, equity and respect for human dignity. Working with other Member States, Zimbabwe has contributed towards the resolution of conflicts in the Region, including spearheading joint diplomatic efforts with the East African Community (EAC), in the search for peace in Eastern DRC.”

Armed conflict: “Zimbabwe was born out of a protracted armed struggle for freedom and independence, hence its continued solidarity with the people of Palestine and Western Sahara in their justified search for self-determination. The Palestinians have endured severe, sustained, and systematic injustices under the glare of the international community. Time has come for the establishment of lasting peace in the Middle East, especially the implementation of the two-state solution for the peaceful co-existence of Palestine and Israel.”

Cyber, artificial intelligence: “The role of ICT and AI in transforming lives and accelerating development is indisputable. It is, however, equally observed that criminals are using ICT for harmful behaviour, with serious destabilizing consequences to society. Zimbabwe remains supportive of the establishment of frameworks and strategies to combat the use of technology for criminal purposes. The Global Dialogue on AI Governance should assist all countries. We applaud the deliberate efforts by the UN Secretary General towards optimising the benefits of technology while minimising the potential harmful effects of the same.”