Statements from the 2025 CCW Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapon systems

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March 2025 | September 2025

MARCH 2025

Monday, 3 March 2025

• Chair of the GGE, Mr Robert in den Bosch of the Netherlands (Mr.)
• Ms. Izumi Nakamitsu (Ms.) (video)
• Chair (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Chair (Mr.)

Box I of the rolling text 

• Chair (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Türkiye (Mr.)
• Chile (Ms.)
• Cuba (Ms.)
• Holy See (Mr.)
• United States (Mr.)
• Mexico (Mr.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• Denmark (Mr.)
• Finland (Ms.)
• Argentina (Mr.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• United Kingdom (Mr.)
• El Salvador (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• Dominican Republic (Ms.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Uruguay (Ms.)
• Costa Rica (Mr.)
• Norway (Mr.)
• Japan (Mr.)
• India (Ms.)
• Philippines (Mr.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• Kazakhstan (Mr.)
• Portugal (Mr.) 
• Russia (Mr.)
• Sierra Leone (Mr.)
• Colombia (Ms.)
• Germany (Ms.)
• Peru (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• South Africa (Ms.)
• International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (Ms.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Côte d’Ivoire (Mr.)
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Greece (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• European Union (Ms.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• Chair (Mr.)

Box II of the rolling text 

• Chair (Mr.)
• Türkiye (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• Sri Lanka (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• UK (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Colombia (Ms.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• India (Ms.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• Japan (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)

Tuesday, 4 March 2025

Continuation of Box II of the rolling text 

• Australia (Ms.)
• Mexico (Mr.)
• Finland (Ms.)
• ROK (Mr.)
• Cuba (Ms.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• Portugal (Mr.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
• France (Ms.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Sierra Leone (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• El Salvador (Mr.)
• Germany (Ms.)
• Denmark (Mr.)
• Norway (Mr.)
• Peru (Mr.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Philippines (Mr.)
• Costa Rica (Mr.)
• Japan (Mr.)
• Greece (Mr.)
• South Africa (Ms.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• UK (Ms.)
• Germany (Ms.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• Article 36 (Mr.)
• Austria (Ms.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Mauritania (Mr.)
• Chair (Mr.)

Box III of the rolling text 

• Chair (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• Argentina (Mr.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• Côte d'Ivoire (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• Denmark (Mr.)
• Japan (Mr.)
• Germany (Mr.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• Cuba (Ms.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• China (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Portugal (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• ROK (Mr.)
• India (Ms.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Bangladesh (Mr.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Mexico (Mr.)
• Luxembourg (Mr.)
• UK (Mr.)
• Philippines (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Greece (Mr.)
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)

Wednesday, 5 March 2025

Continuation of Box III of the rolling text 

• Norway (Mr.)
• Türkiye (Mr.)
• Sri Lanka (Ms.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• EU (Ms.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)

Box IV of the rolling text 

• Chair (Mr.)
• Australia (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Germany (Ms.)
• Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.)
• S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSiS) (Mr.)
• Japan (Mr.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Türkiye (Mr.)
• EU (Ms.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• ROK (Mr.)
• Denmark (Ms.)
• Colombia (Mr.)
• Mozambique (Mr.)
• India (Mr.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Norway (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• UK (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Peru (Mr.)
• Cuba (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Article 36 (Mr.)
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• Greece (Mr.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
• IHLY (Ms.)
• Finland (Mr.)
• Portugal (Mr.)
• Bangladesh (Mr.)
• Chair (Mr.)

Box V of the rolling text 

• Chair (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• Utrecht University (Ms.)
• Mexico (Mr.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• France (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• ROK (Mr.)
• United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Japan (Ms.)
• India (Ms.)
• Portugal (Mr.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Lebanon (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)

Thursday, 6 March 2025

Box I of the updated rolling text

• Chair (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Cuba (Ms.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• UAE (Ms.)
• UK (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Germany (Ms.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• Belarus (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Luxembourg (Mr.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• Mexico (Mr.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Norway (Mr.)
• Japan (Ms.)
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• India (Ms.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Spain (Ms.)

Box II of the updated rolling text and questions proposed by the Chair

• Chair (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Cuba (Ms.)
• Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Belarus (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Germany (Ms.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Belarus (Mr.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• Peru (Mr.)
• UK (Mr.)
• India (Ms.)
• Mauritania (Mr.)
• ROK (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• Mexico (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Israel (Mr.)

Friday, 7 March 2025

Continuation of debate around the questions proposed by the Chair

• Germany (Mr.)
• United States (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Article 36 (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)

Box III of the updated rolling text

• Chair (Mr.)
• Germany (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• Asia-Pacific Institute (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Belarus (Mr.)
• India (Mr.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• ROK (Mr.)
• Denmark (Ms.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Japan (Ms.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Mexico (Mr.)
• Joint statement, delivered by Germany (Ms.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• Luxembourg (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• Cuba (Ms.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Kazakhstan (Mr.)
• UK (Ms.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• UAE (Ms.)
• Peru (Mr.)
• Mozambique (Mr.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• Colombia (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Chair (Mr.)

SEPTEMBER 2025

Monday, 1 September 2025

Opening of the meeting

• Chair of the GGE, Mr Robert in den Bosch of the Netherlands (Mr.)

Adoption of the agenda 

• Chair (Mr.)

Confirmation of the rules of procedure

• Chair (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Chair (Mr.)

Organisation of the work of the GGE

• Chair (Mr.)

Discussion on Box I of the rolling text

• Chair (Mr.)
• Germany (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Mexico (Ms.)
• Group of states, delivered by Australia (Ms.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• Japan (Mr.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Italy (Mr.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Colombia (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
• Sierra Leone (Ms.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• Venezuela (Mr.)
• Sri Lanka (Ms.)
• United States (Mr.)
• El Salvador (Mr.)
• Luxembourg (Mr.)
• India (Mr.)
• Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.) 
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• Article 36 (Mr.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• Norway (Mr.)
• University of Nottingham (Ms.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Malawi (Ms.)
• Cuba (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• Finland (Mr.)
• Peru (Mr.)
• Cote d'Ivoire (Mr.)
• Aotearoa New Zealand (Mr.)
• United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
• Algeria (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• ICRC (Mr.)
• United Kingdom (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)

Box II of the rolling text

• Chair (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• United States (Mr.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
• Bangladesh (Mr.)
• Belarus (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)

Tuesday, 2 September 2025

Continuation of Box II

• United Kingdom (Mr.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
• Philippines (Ms.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Brazil (Mr.) 
• Israel (Mr.)
• Colombia (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• India (Mr.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Algeria (Ms.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• Samoa (Ms.)
• South Africa (Ms.)
• Uruguay (Ms.)
• Japan (Ms.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• Aotearoa New Zealand (Mr.)
• Germany (Mr.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Norway (Mr.)
• Portugal (Mr.)
• Luxembourg (Mr.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• Denmark (Ms.)
• Mexico (Ms.)
• Armenia (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• ICRAC (Mr.)
• Guatemala (Ms.)
• University of Nottingham (Ms.)
• Utrecht University (Ms.)
• Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.) 
• Peru (Mr.)
• Chair (Mr.)
• United States (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)

Box III of the rolling text 

• Russia (Mr.)
• India (Ms.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• Malawi (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Colombia (Mr.)
• Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.) 
• Ireland (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• Japan (Ms.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Mexico (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• Argentina (Mr.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
• France (Ms.)
• Hungary (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Algeria (Ms.)
• Denmark (Ms.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Encode (Ms.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Japan (Mr.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Malawi (Ms.)
• Philippines (Ms.)
• Luxembourg (Mr.)
• US (Mr.)
• Belgium (Mr.)

Wednesday, 3 September 2025

Continuation of Box III

• ICRC (Ms.)
• Finland (Ms.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• Norway (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (APILS) (Mr.) 
• France (Ms.)
• Peru (Mr.)
• UAE (Ms.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• United States (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Türkiye (Ms.)
• Denmark (Mr.)
• Sri Lanka (Ms.)
• Samoa (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• ICRC (Mr.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• Encode (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Ms.)
• University of Nottingham (Ms.)

Box IV of the rolling text

• Chair (Mr.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
• Czech Republic (Ms.)
• Mexico (Ms.)
• Australia (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• United Arab Emirates (Ms.) 
• Japan (Ms.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Sweden (Ms.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Norway (Mr.)
• Cuba (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• Philippines (Ms.)
• United Kingdom (Ms.)
• APILS (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Uruguay (Ms.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• United States (Mr.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• University of Nottingham (Ms.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Luxembourg (Mr.)
• Colombia (Mr.)
• Samoa (Ms.)

Box V of the rolling text

• Ukraine (Mr.)
• United States (Ms.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• United Arab Emirates (Ms.) 

Thursday, 4 September 2025

Continuation of Box V

• Sweden (Ms.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Mr.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security and Utrecht University (Ms.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• European Union (Ms.)
• Hungary (Mr.)
• Australia (Ms.)
• Venezuela (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Bangladesh (Mr.)
• Malawi (Ms.)
• UK (Ms.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• France (Ms.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Belarus (Mr.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• Croatia (Ms.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Colombia (Mr.)

Revised version of Box I

• Chair (Mr.)
• South Africa (Ms.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• Mexico (Ms.)
• Japan (Ms.)
• Switzerland (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• APILS (Mr.)
• Ireland (Mr.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• India (Ms.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Sweden (Ms.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• United States (Mr.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• Portugal (Mr.)
• Spain (Ms.)
• Türkiye (Ms.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Belarus (Mr.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
• France (Ms.)
• Luxembourg (Mr.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Belgium (Mr.)
• University of Nottingham (Ms.)
• Bulgaria (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• El Salvador (Mr.)
• United Kingdom (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Chile (Ms.)
• ICRC (Mr.)
• South Africa (Ms.)
• France (Ms.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• Philippines (Ms.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Norway (Mr.)

Friday, 5 September 2025

Discussion of Box I with suggested changes from the Chair

• Chair (Mr.)
• ICRC (Ms.)
• APILS and Utrecht University (Mr.)
• Ukraine (Mr.)
• Pakistan (Mr.)
• United States (Mr.)
• Panama (Ms.)
• United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
• India (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Republic of Korea (Mr.)
• Mexico (Ms.)
• Singapore (Mr.)
• ICRAC (Mr.)
• South Africa (Ms.)
• Stop Killer Robots (Mr.)
• Encode (Ms.)
• United Kingdom (Ms.)
• Japan (Ms.)
• Norway (Mr.)
• Austria (Mr.)
• Philippines (Ms.)
• France (Ms.)
• Sweden (Mr.)
• China (Ms.)
• Israel (Mr.)
• Brazil (Mr.)
• Sri Lanka (Ms.)
• Spain (Ms.)

Other matters

• Chair (Mr.)
• Italy (Ms.)
• Joint statement by 42 states, delivered by Brazil (Mr.) 
• Stop Killer Robots (Mr.)
• Amnesty International (Ms.)
• Mine Action Canada (Ms.)
• United Kingdom (Mr.)
• Russia (Mr.)
• Chair (Mr.)
• Canada (Mr.)
• Australia (Ms.)

Closing of the meeting 

• Chair (Mr.)