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Statements from the 2025 CCW Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapon systems

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March 2025 | September 2025

MARCH 2025

Monday, 3 March 2025

  • Chair of the GGE, Mr Robert in den Bosch of the Netherlands (Mr.)
  • Ms. Izumi Nakamitsu (Ms.) (video)
  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Chair (Mr.)

Box I of the rolling text 

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Türkiye (Mr.)
  • Chile (Ms.)
  • Cuba (Ms.)
  • Holy See (Mr.)
  • United States (Mr.)
  • Mexico (Mr.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • Denmark (Mr.)
  • Finland (Ms.)
  • Argentina (Mr.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • United Kingdom (Mr.)
  • El Salvador (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Dominican Republic (Ms.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Uruguay (Ms.)
  • Costa Rica (Mr.)
  • Norway (Mr.)
  • Japan (Mr.)
  • India (Ms.)
  • Philippines (Mr.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • Kazakhstan (Mr.)
  • Portugal (Mr.) 
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Sierra Leone (Mr.)
  • Colombia (Ms.)
  • Germany (Ms.)
  • Peru (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • South Africa (Ms.)
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (Ms.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Côte d’Ivoire (Mr.)
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Greece (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • European Union (Ms.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • Chair (Mr.)

Box II of the rolling text 

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Türkiye (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • Sri Lanka (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • UK (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Colombia (Ms.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • India (Ms.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • Japan (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)

Tuesday, 4 March 2025

Continuation of Box II of the rolling text 

  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Mexico (Mr.)
  • Finland (Ms.)
  • ROK (Mr.)
  • Cuba (Ms.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • Portugal (Mr.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Sierra Leone (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • El Salvador (Mr.)
  • Germany (Ms.)
  • Denmark (Mr.)
  • Norway (Mr.)
  • Peru (Mr.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Philippines (Mr.)
  • Costa Rica (Mr.)
  • Japan (Mr.)
  • Greece (Mr.)
  • South Africa (Ms.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • UK (Ms.)
  • Germany (Ms.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Article 36 (Mr.)
  • Austria (Ms.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Mauritania (Mr.)
  • Chair (Mr.)

Box III of the rolling text 

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • Argentina (Mr.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • Côte d'Ivoire (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • Denmark (Mr.)
  • Japan (Mr.)
  • Germany (Mr.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Cuba (Ms.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Portugal (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • ROK (Mr.)
  • India (Ms.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Bangladesh (Mr.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Mexico (Mr.)
  • Luxembourg (Mr.)
  • UK (Mr.)
  • Philippines (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Greece (Mr.)
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)

Wednesday, 5 March 2025

Continuation of Box III of the rolling text 

  • Norway (Mr.)
  • Türkiye (Mr.)
  • Sri Lanka (Ms.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • EU (Ms.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)

Box IV of the rolling text 

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Australia (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Germany (Ms.)
  • Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.)
  • S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSiS) (Mr.)
  • Japan (Mr.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Türkiye (Mr.)
  • EU (Ms.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • ROK (Mr.)
  • Denmark (Ms.)
  • Colombia (Mr.)
  • Mozambique (Mr.)
  • India (Mr.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Norway (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • UK (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Peru (Mr.)
  • Cuba (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Article 36 (Mr.)
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • Greece (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
  • IHLY (Ms.)
  • Finland (Mr.)
  • Portugal (Mr.)
  • Bangladesh (Mr.)
  • Chair (Mr.)

Box V of the rolling text 

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • Utrecht University (Ms.)
  • Mexico (Mr.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • ROK (Mr.)
  • United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Japan (Ms.)
  • India (Ms.)
  • Portugal (Mr.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Lebanon (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)

Thursday, 6 March 2025

Box I of the updated rolling text

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Cuba (Ms.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • UAE (Ms.)
  • UK (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Germany (Ms.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Belarus (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Luxembourg (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • Mexico (Mr.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Norway (Mr.)
  • Japan (Ms.)
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • India (Ms.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Spain (Ms.)

Box II of the updated rolling text and questions proposed by the Chair

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Cuba (Ms.)
  • Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Belarus (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Germany (Ms.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Belarus (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • Peru (Mr.)
  • UK (Mr.)
  • India (Ms.)
  • Mauritania (Mr.)
  • ROK (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • Mexico (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Israel (Mr.)

Friday, 7 March 2025

Continuation of debate around the questions proposed by the Chair

  • Germany (Mr.)
  • United States (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Article 36 (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)

Box III of the updated rolling text

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Germany (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • Asia-Pacific Institute (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Belarus (Mr.)
  • India (Mr.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • ROK (Mr.)
  • Denmark (Ms.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Japan (Ms.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Mexico (Mr.)
  • Joint statement, delivered by Germany (Ms.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • Luxembourg (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • Cuba (Ms.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Kazakhstan (Mr.)
  • UK (Ms.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • UAE (Ms.)
  • Peru (Mr.)
  • Mozambique (Mr.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • Colombia (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Chair (Mr.)

SEPTEMBER 2025

Monday, 1 September 2025

Opening of the meeting

  • Chair of the GGE, Mr Robert in den Bosch of the Netherlands (Mr.)

Adoption of the agenda 

  • Chair (Mr.)

Confirmation of the rules of procedure

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Chair (Mr.)

Organisation of the work of the GGE

  • Chair (Mr.)

Discussion on Box I of the rolling text

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Germany (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Mexico (Ms.)
  • Group of states, delivered by Australia (Ms.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • Japan (Mr.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Italy (Mr.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Colombia (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
  • Sierra Leone (Ms.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • Venezuela (Mr.)
  • Sri Lanka (Ms.)
  • United States (Mr.)
  • El Salvador (Mr.)
  • Luxembourg (Mr.)
  • India (Mr.)
  • Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.) 
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • Article 36 (Mr.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • Norway (Mr.)
  • University of Nottingham (Ms.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Malawi (Ms.)
  • Cuba (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • Finland (Mr.)
  • Peru (Mr.)
  • Cote d'Ivoire (Mr.)
  • Aotearoa New Zealand (Mr.)
  • United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
  • Algeria (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Mr.)
  • United Kingdom (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)

Box II of the rolling text

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • United States (Mr.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
  • Bangladesh (Mr.)
  • Belarus (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)

Tuesday, 2 September 2025

Continuation of Box II

  • United Kingdom (Mr.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
  • Philippines (Ms.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Brazil (Mr.) 
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Colombia (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • India (Mr.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Algeria (Ms.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • Samoa (Ms.)
  • South Africa (Ms.)
  • Uruguay (Ms.)
  • Japan (Ms.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • Aotearoa New Zealand (Mr.)
  • Germany (Mr.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Norway (Mr.)
  • Portugal (Mr.)
  • Luxembourg (Mr.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • Denmark (Ms.)
  • Mexico (Ms.)
  • Armenia (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • ICRAC (Mr.)
  • Guatemala (Ms.)
  • University of Nottingham (Ms.)
  • Utrecht University (Ms.)
  • Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.) 
  • Peru (Mr.)
  • Chair (Mr.)
  • United States (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)

Box III of the rolling text 

  • Russia (Mr.)
  • India (Ms.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • Malawi (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Colombia (Mr.)
  • Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (Mr.) 
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • Japan (Ms.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Mexico (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • Argentina (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Hungary (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Algeria (Ms.)
  • Denmark (Ms.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Encode (Ms.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Japan (Mr.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Malawi (Ms.)
  • Philippines (Ms.)
  • Luxembourg (Mr.)
  • US (Mr.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)

Wednesday, 3 September 2025

Continuation of Box III

  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • Finland (Ms.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • Norway (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security (APILS) (Mr.) 
  • France (Ms.)
  • Peru (Mr.)
  • UAE (Ms.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • United States (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Türkiye (Ms.)
  • Denmark (Mr.)
  • Sri Lanka (Ms.)
  • Samoa (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Mr.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • Encode (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Ms.)
  • University of Nottingham (Ms.)

Box IV of the rolling text

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
  • Czech Republic (Ms.)
  • Mexico (Ms.)
  • Australia (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • United Arab Emirates (Ms.) 
  • Japan (Ms.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Sweden (Ms.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Norway (Mr.)
  • Cuba (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • Philippines (Ms.)
  • United Kingdom (Ms.)
  • APILS (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Uruguay (Ms.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • United States (Mr.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • University of Nottingham (Ms.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Luxembourg (Mr.)
  • Colombia (Mr.)
  • Samoa (Ms.)

Box V of the rolling text

  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • United States (Ms.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • United Arab Emirates (Ms.) 

Thursday, 4 September 2025

Continuation of Box V

  • Sweden (Ms.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Mr.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • Asia Pacific Institute for Law and Security and Utrecht University (Ms.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • European Union (Ms.)
  • Hungary (Mr.)
  • Australia (Ms.)
  • Venezuela (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Bangladesh (Mr.)
  • Malawi (Ms.)
  • UK (Ms.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Belarus (Mr.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • Croatia (Ms.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Colombia (Mr.)

Revised version of Box I

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • South Africa (Ms.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Ms.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • Mexico (Ms.)
  • Japan (Ms.)
  • Switzerland (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • APILS (Mr.)
  • Ireland (Mr.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • India (Ms.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Sweden (Ms.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • United States (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • Portugal (Mr.)
  • Spain (Ms.)
  • Türkiye (Ms.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Belarus (Mr.)
  • Canada (Mr.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Luxembourg (Mr.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Belgium (Mr.)
  • University of Nottingham (Ms.)
  • Bulgaria (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • El Salvador (Mr.)
  • United Kingdom (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Chile (Ms.)
  • ICRC (Mr.)
  • South Africa (Ms.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • Philippines (Ms.)
  • Italy (Ms.)
  • Norway (Mr.)

Friday, 5 September 2025

Discussion of Box I with suggested changes from the Chair

  • Chair (Mr.)
  • ICRC (Ms.)
  • APILS and Utrecht University (Mr.)
  • Ukraine (Mr.)
  • Pakistan (Mr.)
  • United States (Mr.)
  • Panama (Ms.)
  • United Arab Emirates (Ms.)
  • India (Mr.)
  • Russia (Mr.)
  • Republic of Korea (Mr.)
  • Mexico (Ms.)
  • Singapore (Mr.)
  • ICRAC (Mr.)
  • South Africa (Ms.)
  • Stop Killer Robots (Mr.)
  • Encode (Ms.)
  • United Kingdom (Ms.)
  • Japan (Ms.)
  • Norway (Mr.)
  • Austria (Mr.)
  • Philippines (Ms.)
  • France (Ms.)
  • Sweden (Mr.)
  • China (Ms.)
  • Israel (Mr.)
  • Brazil (Mr.)
  • Sri Lanka (Ms.)
  • Spain (Ms.)

Other matters

Closing of the meeting 

  • Chair (Mr.)